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Review
. 2024 Feb;45(1):14-35.
doi: 10.1055/a-2158-9629. Epub 2023 Nov 14.

Ultrasound assessment of brain supplying arteries (extracranial)

[Article in English, German]
Klaus Gröschel  1 , Judith U Harrer  2   3 , Ulf Schminke  4 , Emilia Stegemann  5   6 , Jens Allendörfer  7
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Ultrasound assessment of brain supplying arteries (extracranial)

[Article in English, German]
Klaus Gröschel et al. Ultraschall Med. 2024 Feb.
Free article

Abstract
in English, German

Ultrasonography of the brain-supplying arteries is a non-invasive and highly efficient technique for the assessment of a stenosis or a vessel occlusion in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. This article reviews the examination technique for a standardized ultrasound assessment of the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries. It further describes the multiparametric grading criteria of internal carotid artery stenosis and it gives recommendations for a standardised documentation of findings. Additionally, it proposes recommendations for intima-media thickness measurement and for classifying atherosclerotic plaques with B-mode ultrasonography. Moreover, criteria for the diagnosis of in-stent stenoses, vertebral artery dissections and subclavian steal syndrome are provided.

Die Sonografie der hirnversorgenden Arterien ist eine nicht invasive und hoch effiziente Technik für die Beurteilung von Stenosen oder eines Gefäßverschlusses bei Patienten mit zerebrovaskulären Erkrankungen. Dieser Artikel fasst die Untersuchungstechnik für eine standardisierte Ultraschallbeurteilung der extrakraniellen Karotis und der A. vertebralis zusammen. Darüber hinaus werden die multiparametrischen Graduierungs-Kriterien für die Karotisstenosen (A. carotis interna) beschrieben und Empfehlungen für eine standardisierte Dokumentation der Befunde gegeben. Zudem werden Empfehlungen für die Messung der Intima-Media-Dicke und für die Klassifizierung atherosklerotischer Plaques mit B-Mode-Ultraschall genannt. Außerdem werden Kriterien für die Diagnostik von In-Stent-Stenosen, Vertebralisdissektionen und des Subclavian-Steal-Syndroms angegeben.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of financial interestsReceipt of research funding: Yes, from another institution (pharmaceutical or medical technology company, etc.); receipt of payment/financial advantage for providing services as a lecturer: no; paid consultant/internal trainer/salaried employee: no; patent/business interest/shares (author/partner, spouse, children) in company: no; patent/business interest/shares (author/partner, spouse, children) in sponsor of this CME article or in company whose interests are affected by the CME article: no.Declaration of non-financial interestsThe authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

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