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. 2023 Nov 9:18:6527-6544.
doi: 10.2147/IJN.S432252. eCollection 2023.

Evaluation of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Vegetable Waste

Bushra Hafeez Kiani  1 , Irshad Arshad  2 , Sodha Najeeb  1 , Mohammed K Okla  3 , Taghreed N Almanaa  3 , Wahidah H Al-Qahtani  4 , Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud  3
Affiliations

Evaluation of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Vegetable Waste

Bushra Hafeez Kiani et al. Int J Nanomedicine. .

Abstract

Introduction: Vegetable waste has numerous essential values and can be used for various purposes. Unfortunately, it is often discarded worldwide due to a lack of awareness regarding its nutritional and practical significance. Even the nutrient-rich peels of fruits and vegetables are commonly wasted, despite their numerous useful applications. Utilizing vegetable waste to produce silver nanoparticles through green synthesis is an advantageous, economical, and environmentally friendly method for producing valuable products while addressing waste management concerns. The main emphasis of this study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using vegetable waste from Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Coriander sativum (coriander).

Methods: The stems of Coriander sativum and peels of Solanum tuberosum were used as extracts for the synthesis of AgNPs. The characterization of the synthesized AgNPs involved UV-spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The phytochemical analysis was performed to analyze antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antitumor, antioxidant, alpha-amylase, and protein inhibition activities.

Results: The change in the color of the reaction mixture from yellowish green to brown following the addition of extracts to the silver nitrate solution confirmed nanoparticle synthesis. UV analysis has shown peaks in the range of 300-400nm. SEM confirmed the spherical and agglomerated morphology and size of 64nm for potato peel and 70nm for coriander stem. XRD confirmed the crystalline structure of silver nanoparticles. The phytochemical assays confirmed that silver nanoparticles had higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed promising antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antitumor, and antioxidant properties and significant alpha-amylase and protein inhibition activities in comparison with the crude extracts.

Conclusion: The bioactivity of the plant suggests that it could be a suitable option for therapeutic purposes. This study demonstrates a potential method for sustainable nanoparticle synthesis and the therapeutic applications of AgNPs derived from vegetable waste. By utilizing the potential of vegetable waste, we can contribute to both environmental sustainability and the development of innovative, valuable products in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and materials science. These findings encourage further research on agricultural byproducts, promoting environmentally friendly and economically advantageous research and development efforts.

Keywords: Coriander sativum; Solanum tuberosum; antidiabetic; antimicrobial; silver nanoparticles; vegetable waste.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
UV visible absorption spectra of silver nanoparticles. (A) Potato peel extracts; (B) coriander stem extract.
Figure 2
Figure 2
SEM images of silver nanoparticles. (A) Potato peel extracts; (B) coriander stem extract.
Figure 3
Figure 3
XRD analysis silver nanoparticles. (A) Potato peel extracts; (B) coriander stem extract.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Total phenolic contents of nanoparticles and control extracts. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. **p<0.01.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Total flavonoid contents of nanoparticles and control extracts. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. **p< 0.01.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Comparative analysis of antioxidant activity of AgNPs and crude extracts. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. **p< 0.01.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Comparative analysis of cytotoxic activity of AgNPs and crude extracts. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. */#p < 0.05, **p< 0.01.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Comparative analysis of cytotoxicity activity of AgNPs and crude extracts on HEp2 Cell lines. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. */#p< 0.05, **p<0.01.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Comparative analysis of antitumor activity of AgNPs and crude extract. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. */#p< 0.05, **p< 0.01.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Comparison of α-amylase inhibition of various concentrations of AgNPs and crude extracts. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD.
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