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Comment
. 2023 Oct 27:11:1222868.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1222868. eCollection 2023.

Prevalence and impact of long COVID-19 among patients with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in Bangladesh

Nadim Sharif  1 , Nazmul Sharif  2 , Afsana Khan  3 , Ibrahim F Halawani  4 , Fuad M Alzahrani  4 , Khalid J Alzahrani  4 , Isabel De la Torre Díez  5 , Debora Libertad Ramírez Vargas  6   7   8 , Angel Gabriel Kuc Castilla  6   9   10 , Anowar Khasru Parvez  1 , Shuvra Kanti Dey  1
Affiliations
Comment

Prevalence and impact of long COVID-19 among patients with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in Bangladesh

Nadim Sharif et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Introduction: Co-prevalence of long-COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes is one of the major health challenges of the pandemic worldwide. Studies on long-COVID-19 and associated health outcomes are absent in Bangladesh. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and impact of long-COVID-19 on preexisting diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) on health outcomes among patients in Bangladesh.

Methods: We collected data from 3,250 participants in Bangladesh, retrospectively. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the odds ratio between independent and dependent variables. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to determine the cumulative survival.

Results: COVID-19 was detected among 73.4% (2,385 of 3,250) participants. Acute long-COVID-19 was detected among 28.4% (678 of 2,385) and chronic long-COVID-19 among 71.6% (1,707 of 2,385) patients. CVD and diabetes were found among 32%, and 24% patients, respectively. Mortality rate was 18% (585 of 3,250) among the participants. Co-prevalence of CVD, diabetes and COVID-19 was involved in majority of fatality (95%). Fever (97%), dry cough (87%) and loss of taste and smell (85%) were the most prevalent symptoms. Patients with co-prevalence of CVD, diabetes and COVID-19 had higher risk of fatality (OR: 3.65, 95% CI, 2.79-4.24). Co-prevalence of CVD, diabetes and chronic long-COVID-19 were detected among 11.9% patients.

Discussion: Risk of hospitalization and fatality reduced significantly among the vaccinated. This is one of the early studies on long-COVID-19 in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Bangladesh; cardiovascular disease; comorbidity; diabetes; long-COVID-19.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Frequency distribution of (A) different clinical symptoms in male and female, (B) different comorbidities in male and female patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh, (C) distribution of clinical symptoms among patients with acute long-COVID-19, (D) patients with chronic long-COVID-19. Lines in each bar represented confidence intervals.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Cumulative survival rate among (A) male patients with CVD and COVID-19, (B) female patients with CVD and COVID-19, (C) male patients with diabetes and COVID-19, (D) female patients with diabetes and COVID-19, (E) male patients with CVD, diabetes and COVID-19, (F) female patients with CVD, diabetes and COVID-19 in Bangladesh.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

  • Long COVID: current definition.
    Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Infection. 2022 Feb;50(1):285-286. doi: 10.1007/s15010-021-01696-5. Epub 2021 Sep 14. Infection. 2022. PMID: 34519974 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

References

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