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. 2023 Jul 11;11(11):6845-6853.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3554. eCollection 2023 Nov.

Exploring the phenolic profile, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of walnut leaves (Juglans regia L.)

Ammar B Altemimi  1 , Siba Mouid Al-Haliem  2 , Zina T Alkanan  1 , Muthanna J Mohammed  3 , Mohammad Ali Hesarinejad  4 , Mazin A A Najm  5 , Aziz Bouymajane  6 , Francesco Cacciola  7 , Tarek Gamal Abedelmaksoud  8
Affiliations

Exploring the phenolic profile, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of walnut leaves (Juglans regia L.)

Ammar B Altemimi et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify phenolic compounds in walnut leaves from northern Iraq and evaluate their ability to act as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Phenolic compounds were determined by reversed-phase HPLC. Antibacterial activity was tested against various bacteria. Antioxidant properties were evaluated by various assays, including reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The HPLC profiles of walnut leaf fractions revealed quercetin, hydroquinone, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and caffeic acid in three fractions. The inhibitory activity of DPPH was determined as 47.66, 32.41, and 51.90 μg/mL for fractions I, II, and III, respectively. For ferric reducing power activity, fraction II > fraction III > fraction I and the FRAP activity was observed as 64.43, 73.19, and 68.18 μg/mL for fractions I, II, and III, respectively. All extracted fractions had antibacterial properties against all bacterial strains tested. Observations showed that fraction I was able to produce similar zones of inhibition as streptomycin in most cases. These results suggest that the fractions of this plant extract are plausible natural antioxidants that could be used as prime candidates for the synthesis of antioxidant drugs that can be used for the treatment of many oxidative stress-related diseases.

Keywords: caffeic acid; hydroquinone; quercetin; walnut.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
HPLC chromatograms of isolated fractions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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