Dimethylthiourea as a Quencher in Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting Experiments

Abstract

Hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HRPF) is a mass-spectrometry-based method for studying protein structures, interactions, conformations, and folding. This method is based on the irreversible labeling of solvent-exposed amino acid side chains by hydroxyl radicals. While catalase is commonly used as a quencher after the labeling of a protein by the hydroxyl radicals to efficiently remove the remaining hydrogen peroxide, it has some disadvantages. Catalase quenching adds a relatively high amount of protein to the sample, limiting the sensitivity of the method due to dynamic range issues and causing significant issues when dealing with more complex samples. We evaluated dimethylthiourea (DMTU) as a replacement for catalase in the quenching HRPF reactions. We observed that DMTU is highly effective at quenching HRPF oxidation. DMTU does not cause the background protein issues that catalase does, resulting in an increased number of protein identifications from complex mixtures. We recommend the replacement of catalase quenching with DMTU for all HRPF experiments.