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Review
. 2023 Jul 30;22(2):995-1010.
doi: 10.1007/s40200-023-01262-w. eCollection 2023 Dec.

A comprehensive review on the risks assessment and treatment options for Sarcopenia in people with diabetes

Nishant Johri  1 , Maheshwari Vengat  2 , Deepanshu Kumar  1 , Priya Nagar  1 , Davis John  1 , Shubham Dutta  1 , Piyush Mittal  1
Affiliations
Review

A comprehensive review on the risks assessment and treatment options for Sarcopenia in people with diabetes

Nishant Johri et al. J Diabetes Metab Disord. .

Abstract

Objectives: This comprehensive review aims to examine the reciprocal interplay between Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and sarcopenia, identify prevailing research gaps, and discuss therapeutic approaches and measures to enhance healthcare practices within hospital settings.

Methods: A thorough literature review was conducted to gather relevant studies and articles on the relationship between T2DM and sarcopenia. Various databases were searched, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. The search terms included T2DM, sarcopenia, inflammation, insulin resistance, advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress, muscle dimensions, muscle strength, muscle performance, aging, nutrition, hormone levels, and physical activity. The collected articles were critically analysed to extract key findings and identify gaps in current research.

Results: The prevalence and incidence of metabolic and musculoskeletal disorders, notably T2DM and sarcopenia, have surged in recent years. T2DM is marked by inflammation, insulin resistance, accumulation of advanced glycation end products, and oxidative stress, while sarcopenia involves a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function. The review underscores the age-related correlation between sarcopenia and adverse outcomes like fractures, falls, and mortality. Research gaps regarding optimal nutritional interventions for individuals with T2DM and sarcopenia are identified, emphasizing the necessity for further investigation in this area.

Conclusions: The reciprocal interplay between T2DM and sarcopenia holds significant importance. Further research is warranted to address knowledge gaps, particularly in utilizing precise measurement tools during clinical trials. Lifestyle modifications appear beneficial for individuals with T2DM and sarcopenia. Additionally, practical nutritional interventions require investigation to optimize healthcare practices in hospital settings.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01262-w.

Keywords: Health metabolic health; Muscle; Obesity; Sarcopenia; T2DM.

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Conflict of interest statement

This paper is devoid of any conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic representation of an unhealthy lifestyle that can lead to diabetes, sarcopenia, and other metabolic disorders
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The prevalence of sarcopenia in men and women FNIH, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, AWGS, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Molecular mechanism of sarcopenia in diabetes
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Anti-diabetic medications play a role in controlling muscle size and function in people with diabetes DPP-IV, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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