Myopia & painful muscle form of temporomandibular disorders: connections between vision, masticatory and cervical muscles activity and sensitivity and sleep quality

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of painful muscle form of temporomandibular disorders and myopia on the connections between the visual organ, the bioelectrical activity and sensitivity of the masticatory and cervical muscles, and sleep quality. Subjects were divided into 4 groups (Myopia & TMDs, Myopia (Without TMDs), Emmetropic & TMDs and Emmetropic (Without TMDs)). The study was conducted in the following order of assessment: examination for temporomandibular disorders, assessment of the muscle activity by electromyograph, pressure pain thresholds examination, ophthalmic examination and completion of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. It was observed that the Myopia & TMDs group had higher muscle tenderness, higher resting and lower functional muscle bioelectrical activity. The visual organ is clinical related to the masticatory and cervical muscles. TMDs and myopia alter masticatory and cervical muscle activity. The thickness of the choroid in people with myopia is related to muscle tenderness. TMDs and myopia impair sleep quality. It is recommended to determine the number of people with refractive error and its magnitude in the sEMG study in order to be able to replicate the research methodology.

Figure 1

Tested points on Pressure Pain Thresholds. TA—the temporalis muscle; MM—the masseter muscle; SCM—the sternocleidomastoid muscle; DA—the digastric muscle; UT—the upper trapezius; V1— the output of the ophthalmic nerve; V2— the output of the maxillary nerve; V3— the output of the mandibular nerve;