Sub-optimal routine HIV testing rates in an urban HIV and infectious disease clinic

Abstract

Background: Routine opt-out HIV testing is central to ending the HIV epidemic, as early case finding improves outcomes and reduces transmission. Despite strong evidence-based guideline recommendations, adoption of routine opt-out testing has been sub-optimal. Methods: A survey of providers and staff at an urban HIV and infectious disease clinic assessed awareness and knowledge of guidelines, screening practices, testing barriers, and possible interventions to improve testing. Responses were compared against actual testing data. Results: 86% of survey responders reported familiarity with guideline recommendations, and 37% reported routinely offering opt-out testing to all patients. A review of presumed HIV-negative patients over a two-year period showed that 7% of eligible patients had HIV screening ordered. Despite reported awareness of recommended routine HIV testing, testing was associated with perceived risk rather than offered uniformly, and potentially hampered by the COVID-19 pandemic and utilization of telemedicine visits. Provider education and electronic reminders, patient education, and rapid HIV test availability were proposed interventions to improve screening rates. Conclusions: Routine HIV testing was underutilized, with tests ordered based on perceived acquisition risk rather than offered uniformly.

Keywords: HIV; HIV screening; opt-out; risk-based; routine.