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. 2024 Dec;13(1):2287683.
doi: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2287683. Epub 2024 Jan 16.

Emergence of novel reassortant H3N3 avian influenza viruses with increased pathogenicity in chickens in 2023

Qiuyan Mao  1   2 , Shuning Zhou  1   3 , Shuo Liu  1 , Cheng Peng  1 , Xin Yin  1 , Jinping Li  1 , Yaxin Zhang  1   4 , Wanting Zhou  1   2 , Guangyu Hou  1 , Wenming Jiang  1 , Hualei Liu  1
Affiliations

Emergence of novel reassortant H3N3 avian influenza viruses with increased pathogenicity in chickens in 2023

Qiuyan Mao et al. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2024 Dec.
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
. Phylogenetic trees of hemagglutinin (A) and neuraminidase (B) genes of the novel three H3N3 AIVs isolated from chickens in China, 2023. The trees were generated by neighbor-joining method with the MAGE 11 software. The viruses from this study were labeled in black circles, the H3N8 and H10N3 AIVs that caused human infections in China were marked in red. Scale bars indicate branch length based on number of nucleotide substitutions per site. (C) Replication of H3N3 and H9N2 viruses in chickens. The SPF chickens were inoculated with the representative viruses; organ samples were collected, and the viruses were titrated in eggs at 3 dpi. The dashed line in each panel indicates the lower limit of detection. (D) Shedding of H3N3 and H9N2 viruses in chickens. The SPF chickens were inoculated with the representative viruses; Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected from chickens at the indicated times, and viruses were titrated in eggs. OP: oropharyngeal swab; CL: cloacal swab. The dashed line in each panel indicates the lower limit of detection. (E) Histological lesions in the liver (a), kidney (b), spleen (c), thymus (d), lung (e), and bursa of Fabricius (f) of H3N3 infected chickens. Chickens were intranasally inoculated with 106 EID50 virus. Pathogenicity of the H3N3 virus in mice. Five-week-old BALB/c mice were infected intranasally with 106 EID50 virus. Percentage of bodyweight change of mice infected with NT322/H3N3 virus (F). The viral titers of the lungs and nasal turbinates of the infected mice collected at 3 dpi were measured in eggs (G).
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