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. 2023 Dec 1;71(12):3701-3706.
doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_942_23. Epub 2023 Nov 20.

Ocular manifestations in HIV patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India and correlation of posterior segment lesions with CD4+ counts

Jyotirmayee Swain  1 , Pramod Kumar Sharma  2 , Loknath Mohanty  1 , Pradeep Kumar Panigrahi  1
Affiliations

Ocular manifestations in HIV patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India and correlation of posterior segment lesions with CD4+ counts

Jyotirmayee Swain et al. Indian J Ophthalmol. .

Abstract

Purpose: We aimed to study the ocular manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and the correlation of posterior segment lesions with CD4+ counts.

Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional study enrolled HIV-positive patients attending the ophthalmology department of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Complete demographic information was obtained for each patient. Comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation was done in each case.

Results: A total of 184 HIV-positive patients were enrolled in the study. Ocular manifestations were detected in 62 cases. The prevalence of ocular manifestations in the present study was 33.69%. Mean age of patients included in the study was 34.8 ± 10.77 years. Prevalence of ocular manifestations was highest in the age group of 30-39 years (41.93%). Highest prevalence of ocular manifestations was noted in patients with low level of education and poor socioeconomic status. Sexual transmission was the major route of HIV transmission (in 92% of cases). Posterior segment lesions were seen in 69.35% of cases. HIV retinopathy was the most common posterior segment manifestation noted in 25 eyes. Significant positive correlation was noted between severities of posterior segment findings and CD4+ counts, which we found to increase with decrease in CD4+ counts (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Detailed ophthalmic evaluation including fundus examination is must in all cases of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients as it may help in early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sight-threatening complications due to opportunistic infections.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a, b) Color fundus photographs of the right and left eyes of an HIV-infected patient showing HIV retinopathy. (c) Color montage of the left eye of a patient showing cytomegalovirus retinopathy. (d) Color montage of the left eye of a patient with acute retinal necrosis. HIV = human immunodeficiency virus
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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