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. 2023 Nov 22;24(1):346.
doi: 10.1186/s12882-023-03401-0.

Proteomic analysis investigating kidney transplantation outcomes- a scoping review

Anna Rainey  1 , Gareth J McKay  1 , Jane English  2 , Ammarin Thakkinstian  3 , Alexander Peter Maxwell  1 , Michael Corr  4
Affiliations

Proteomic analysis investigating kidney transplantation outcomes- a scoping review

Anna Rainey et al. BMC Nephrol. .

Abstract

Background: Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment option for most patients with end-stage kidney disease given the significantly lower morbidity and mortality rates compared to remaining on dialysis. Rejection and graft failure remain common in transplant recipients with limited improvement in long-term transplant outcomes despite therapeutic advances. There is an unmet need in the development of non-invasive biomarkers that specifically monitor graft function and predict transplant pathologies that affect outcomes. Despite the potential of proteomic investigatory approaches, up to now, no candidate biomarkers of sufficient sensitivity or specificity have translated into clinical use. The aim of this review was to collate and summarise protein findings and protein pathways implicated in the literature to date, and potentially flag putative biomarkers worth validating in independent patient cohorts.

Methods: This review followed the Joanna Briggs' Institute Methodology for a scoping review. MedlineALL, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception until December 2022. Abstract and full text review were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Data was collated using a pre-designed data extraction tool.

Results: One hundred one articles met the inclusion criteria. The majority were single-centre retrospective studies of small sample size. Mass spectrometry was the most used technique to evaluate differentially expressed proteins between diagnostic groups and studies identified various candidate biomarkers such as immune or structural proteins.

Discussion: Putative immune or structural protein candidate biomarkers have been identified using proteomic techniques in multiple sample types including urine, serum and fluid used to perfuse donor kidneys. The most consistent findings implicated proteins associated with tubular dysfunction and immunological regulatory pathways such as leukocyte trafficking. However, clinical translation and adoption of candidate biomarkers is limited, and these will require comprehensive evaluation in larger prospective, multicentre trials.

Keywords: Kidney transplantation; Proteomic; Scoping review; Transplant outcomes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA flow diagram outlining the data collection process [21]. *Consider, if feasible to do so, reporting the number of records identified from each database or register searched (rather than the total number across all databases/registers).  **If automation tools were used, indicate how many records were excluded by a human and how many were excluded by automation tools.  From: Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;372:n71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71. For more information, visit: http://www.prisma-statement.org/
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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