Bioetics Issues of Artificial Placenta and Artificial Womb Technology

M C Medori¹, G Bonetti^{1

2}, K Donato^{3

4}, K Dhuli¹, G Henehan⁵, R Brown⁶, P Sieving⁷, P Sykora⁸, R Marks⁹, B Falsini¹⁰, N Capodicasa¹¹, S Miertus^{12

13}, L Lorusso¹⁴, D Dondossola^{15

16}, G M Tartaglia¹⁷, G M Tartaglia¹⁸, M C Ergoren¹⁹, M Dundar²⁰, S Michelini²¹, D Malacarne¹, T Beccari², S T Connelly²², D Martin²³, A Bacu²⁴, K L Herbst²⁵, M Kapustin²⁶, L Stuppia^{27

28}, L Lumer²⁹, G Farronato^{17

18}, M Bertelli^{1

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
² Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
³ MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy.
⁴ MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA.
⁵ School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
⁶ Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
⁷ Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Ocular Regenerative Therapy, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
⁸ Centre for Bioethics, Department of Philosophy and Applied Philosophy, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia.
⁹ Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
¹⁰ Institute of Ophthalmology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
¹¹ MAGI BALKANS, Tirana, Albania.
¹² Department of Biotechnology, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia.
¹³ International Centre for Applied Research and Sustainable Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia.
¹⁴ UOC Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Lecco, Merate, Italy.
¹⁵ Center for Preclincal Research and General and Liver Transplant Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
¹⁶ Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
¹⁷ Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
¹⁸ UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
¹⁹ Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
²⁰ Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey.
²¹ Vascular Diagnostics and Rehabilitation Service, Marino Hospital, ASL Roma 6, Marino, Italy.
²² San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
²³ Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, SyNaBi, Grenoble, France.
²⁴ Department of Biotechnology, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
²⁵ Total Lipedema Care, Beverly Hills, California, and Tucson, Arizona, USA.
²⁶ Federation of the Jewish Communities of Slovakia.
²⁷ Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
²⁸ Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" Univer-sity of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
²⁹ Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.

PMID: 37994771
DOI: 10.7417/CT.2023.2494

Free article

Review

Bioetics Issues of Artificial Placenta and Artificial Womb Technology

M C Medori et al. Clin Ter. 2023 Nov-Dec.

Free article

. 2023 Nov-Dec;174(Suppl 2(6)):243-248.

doi: 10.7417/CT.2023.2494.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
² Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
³ MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy.
⁴ MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA.
⁵ School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
⁶ Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
⁷ Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Ocular Regenerative Therapy, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
⁸ Centre for Bioethics, Department of Philosophy and Applied Philosophy, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia.
⁹ Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
¹⁰ Institute of Ophthalmology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
¹¹ MAGI BALKANS, Tirana, Albania.
¹² Department of Biotechnology, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia.
¹³ International Centre for Applied Research and Sustainable Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia.
¹⁴ UOC Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Lecco, Merate, Italy.
¹⁵ Center for Preclincal Research and General and Liver Transplant Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
¹⁶ Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
¹⁷ Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
¹⁸ UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
¹⁹ Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
²⁰ Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey.
²¹ Vascular Diagnostics and Rehabilitation Service, Marino Hospital, ASL Roma 6, Marino, Italy.
²² San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
²³ Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, SyNaBi, Grenoble, France.
²⁴ Department of Biotechnology, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
²⁵ Total Lipedema Care, Beverly Hills, California, and Tucson, Arizona, USA.
²⁶ Federation of the Jewish Communities of Slovakia.
²⁷ Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
²⁸ Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" Univer-sity of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
²⁹ Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.

PMID: 37994771
DOI: 10.7417/CT.2023.2494

Abstract

The worldwide infertility crisis and the increase in mortality and morbidity among infants, due to preterm births and associated complications, have stimulated research into artificial placenta (AP) and artificial womb (AW) technology as novel solutions. These technologies mimic the natural environment provided in the mother's womb, using chambers that ensure the supply of nutrients to the fetus and disposal of waste substances through an appropriate mechanism. This review aims to highlight the background of AP and AW technologies, revisit their historical development and proposed applications, and discuss challenges and bioethical and moral issues. Further research is required to investigate any negative effects of these new technologies, and ethical concerns pertaining to the structure and operation of this newly developed technology must be addressed and resolved prior to its introduction to the public sphere.

Keywords: Ectogestation; artiﬁcial placenta technology; artiﬁcial womb technology; ethical concerns; infertility.

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Bioetics Issues of Artificial Placenta and Artificial Womb Technology

Affiliations

Bioetics Issues of Artificial Placenta and Artificial Womb Technology

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources