Research progress of biomimetic materials in oral medicine

Abstract

Biomimetic materials are able to mimic the structure and functional properties of native tissues especially natural oral tissues. They have attracted growing attention for their potential to achieve configurable and functional reconstruction in oral medicine. Though tremendous progress has been made regarding biomimetic materials, significant challenges still remain in terms of controversy on the mechanism of tooth tissue regeneration, lack of options for manufacturing such materials and insufficiency of in vivo experimental tests in related fields. In this review, the biomimetic materials used in oral medicine are summarized systematically, including tooth defect, tooth loss, periodontal diseases and maxillofacial bone defect. Various theoretical foundations of biomimetic materials research are reviewed, introducing the current and pertinent results. The benefits and limitations of these materials are summed up at the same time. Finally, challenges and potential of this field are discussed. This review provides the framework and support for further research in addition to giving a generally novel and fundamental basis for the utilization of biomimetic materials in the future.

Keywords: Biomimetic materials; Biomineralization; Periodontal regeneration; Surface modification; Tissue engineering.

Fig. 1

The intrafibrillar mineralization process of human dentin and the biomimetic materials inspired by the important components in this process

Fig. 2

Schematic diagram of biomimetic indirect restoration materials preparation

Fig. 3

The inspirations of biomimetic multifunctional coatings and biomimetic nano-topography [–161]

Fig. 4

Biomimetic materials for periodontal tissue regeneration