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. 2023 Nov 8;11(11):2997.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11112997.

Research Progress of Titanium-Based Alloys for Medical Devices

Madalina Simona Baltatu  1 , Petrica Vizureanu  1   2 , Andrei Victor Sandu  1   3   4   5 , Carmen Solcan  6 , Luminița Diana Hritcu  6 , Mihaela Claudia Spataru  6
Affiliations

Research Progress of Titanium-Based Alloys for Medical Devices

Madalina Simona Baltatu et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

Biomaterials are currently a unique class of materials that are essential to improving the standard of human life and extending it. In the assent of the appearance of biomaterials that contain non-toxic elements, in this study, we examine a system of Ti25Mo7Zr15TaxSi (x = 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1 wt.%) for future medical applications. The alloys were developed in a vacuum electric arc furnace and then studied from a structural, mechanical and in vivo assessment (on rabbits) perspective. The effect of the silicon addition was clearly seen in both the structural and the mechanical characteristics, standing out as beta alloys with a dendritic structure and lowering the mechanical properties as a result of the silicon addition. In experimental rabbits, the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells was observed in the periosteum and peri-implant area, differentiating into osteoblasts and then into osteocytes. Osteoclasts were discovered within the cartilaginous islands that provide structural support to newly formed bone, playing a primary role in bone remodeling. The newly formed spongy tissue adhered to the fibrous capsule that surrounds the alloy, ensuring good osseointegration of metallic implants. The overexpression of Osteopontin, Metalloproteinase-2 (also known as gelatinase A), and Metallopeptidase-9 (also known as gelatinase B) underscores the processes of osteogenesis, bone mineralization, and normal bone remodeling.

Keywords: characterization; non-toxic elements; titanium alloys.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scientific protocol flow overview.
Figure 2
Figure 2
EDS elemental map analysis on specific alloy.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Images obtained using optical microscope: (a) Ti25Mo7Zr15Ta, (b) Ti25Mo7Zr15Ta0.5Si, (c) Ti25Mo7Zr15Ta0.75Si, (d) Ti25Mo7Zr15Ta1Si.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Diffraction patterns of the alloys.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The mechanical properties of the alloys obtained via indentation.
Figure 6
Figure 6
X-Ray and CT-scan at control and experimental rabbits at the final stage of experiment, 1—surgical breach, 2—alloy.
Figure 6
Figure 6
X-Ray and CT-scan at control and experimental rabbits at the final stage of experiment, 1—surgical breach, 2—alloy.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Osteogenesis Aspects in Control and Experimental Rabbits: The first row illustrates periosteum activity near the implant in both control and experimental rabbits using HE staining. The middle row showcases osteogenesis in the proximity of the periosteum, depicting aspects of new bone formation in both control and experimental rabbits through HE staining. The bottom row provides insights into the structure of the fibrous capsule and the development of new bone in both control and experimental rabbits, as observed in HE staining.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Staining for OPN, MMP2, and MMP9 in Control and Experimental Rabbits Near the Alloy: The first row of images displays cells positive for Osteopontin (OPN) using IHC staining. The second row shows cells positive for Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) using IHC staining. The third row presents cells positive for Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) using IHC staining.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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