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Review
. 2023 Nov 9;11(11):3010.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11113010.

Nanoparticle Formulations of Antioxidants for the Management of Oxidative Stress in Stroke: A Review

Sara Salatin  1 , Mehdi Farhoudi  1 , Afsaneh Farjami  2 , Solmaz Maleki Dizaj  3 , Simin Sharifi  3 , Shahriar Shahi  3
Affiliations
Review

Nanoparticle Formulations of Antioxidants for the Management of Oxidative Stress in Stroke: A Review

Sara Salatin et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

Stroke is currently one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, there has been a lack of effective stroke treatment. Therefore, novel treatment strategies are needed to decrease stroke-induced morbidity and promote the patient's quality of life. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized as one of the major causes of brain injury after ischemic stroke. Antioxidant therapy seems to be an effective treatment in the management of oxidative stress relevant to inflammatory disorders like stroke. However, the in vivo efficacy of traditional anti-oxidative substances is greatly limited due to their non-specific distribution and poor localization in the disease region. In recent years, antioxidant nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated a clinical breakthrough for stroke treatment. Some NPs have intrinsic antioxidant properties and act as antioxidants to scavenge ROS. Moreover, NPs provide protection to the antioxidant agents/enzymes while effectively delivering them into unreachable areas like the brain. Because of their nanoscale dimensions, NPs are able to efficiently pass through the BBB, and easily reach the damaged site. Here, we discuss the challenges, recent advances, and perspectives of antioxidant NPs in stroke treatment.

Keywords: blood–brain barrier (BBB); brain; nanoparticles; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species (ROS); stroke.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A schematic representation of the main events causing ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A schematic representation of the effect of oxidative stress in the development of neurodegenerative diseases/injuries such as AD, PD, and stroke.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The advantages of antioxidant-based nanotherapy to improve the bioavailability of antioxidants/antioxidant enzymes in stroke treatment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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