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Review
. 2023 Oct 24;13(11):1572.
doi: 10.3390/biom13111572.

Natural Polyketides Act as Promising Antifungal Agents

Li Wang  1 , Hui Lu  1 , Yuanying Jiang  1
Affiliations
Review

Natural Polyketides Act as Promising Antifungal Agents

Li Wang et al. Biomolecules. .

Abstract

Invasive fungal infections present a significant risk to human health. The current arsenal of antifungal drugs is hindered by drug resistance, limited antifungal range, inadequate safety profiles, and low oral bioavailability. Consequently, there is an urgent imperative to develop novel antifungal medications for clinical application. This comprehensive review provides a summary of the antifungal properties and mechanisms exhibited by natural polyketides, encompassing macrolide polyethers, polyether polyketides, xanthone polyketides, linear polyketides, hybrid polyketide non-ribosomal peptides, and pyridine derivatives. Investigating natural polyketide compounds and their derivatives has demonstrated their remarkable efficacy and promising clinical application as antifungal agents.

Keywords: antifungal; invasive fungal infections; polyketides.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of Amphidinins Q (1), C (2), and E (3). The red dotted box marks the open-loop structure.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of rustmicin (4) and its analogues.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of Preussolides A (14) and B (15). The red dotted boxes mark the difference between Preussolides A (14) and B (15).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Chemical structures of analogues of Oligomycin A.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Chemical structures of Brasilinolides A (38) and B (39) and their analogues.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Chemical structures of cyphomycin (44) and its analogues. The blue dotted boxs mark the difference between cyphomycin (44) and caniferolide C (47).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Chemical structures of Guanidylfungin A (54) and its analogues. The red dotted box marks the ring-opening structure of compound 60, which differs from the tetrahydropyran ring guanidylfungin A (54).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Chemical structures of amphotericin B (62).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Chemical structures of amphidinols.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Chemical structures of yessotoxin (76), desulfated yessotoxin (77), and hydrogen-desulfated yessotoxin (78).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Chemical structures of forazoline A (79).
Figure 12
Figure 12
Chemical structures of albofungin (80) and its analogues.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Chemical structures of xanthone polyketides parnafungins A1 (86) and B1 (87) and their analogues.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Chemical structures of khafrefungin (94) and its analogues. The red boxes mark the difference between khafrefungin (94) and 97 of the 4-methyl group.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Chemical structures of basiliskamide A (99) and its analogues. The red box marks an additional methylene group of YM-45722 (101), which differs from basiliskamide A (99).
Figure 16
Figure 16
Chemical structures of hybrid polyketide nonribosomal peptides.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Chemical structures of burkholdines 1229 (104) and its analogues.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Chemical structures of funiculosin (109).
Figure 19
Figure 19
Chemical structures of other polyketides.
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