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. 2023 Oct 30;13(11):1595.
doi: 10.3390/biom13111595.

Self-Assembled Amphiphilic Chitosan Nanomicelles: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity

Yi Qi  1   2   3 , Qizhou Chen  1 , Xiaofen Cai  1 , Lifen Liu  1 , Yuwei Jiang  1 , Xufeng Zhu  1   2 , Zhicheng Huang  1 , Kefeng Wu  1   2   3 , Hui Luo  1   2   3 , Qianqian Ouyang  1   2   3
Affiliations

Self-Assembled Amphiphilic Chitosan Nanomicelles: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity

Yi Qi et al. Biomolecules. .

Abstract

Although amphiphilic chitosan has been widely studied as a drug carrier for drug delivery, fewer studies have been conducted on the antimicrobial activity of amphiphilic chitosan. In this study, we successfully synthesized deoxycholic acid-modified chitosan (CS-DA) by grafting deoxycholic acid (DA) onto chitosan C2-NH2, followed by grafting succinic anhydride, to prepare a novel amphiphilic chitosan (CS-DA-SA). The substitution degree was 23.93% for deoxycholic acid and 29.25% for succinic anhydride. Both CS-DA and CS-DA-SA showed good blood compatibility. Notably, the synthesized CS-DA-SA can self-assemble to form nanomicelles at low concentrations in an aqueous environment. The results of CS, CS-DA, and CS-DA-SA against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed that CS-DA and CS-DA-SA exhibited stronger antimicrobial effects than CS. CS-DA-SA may exert its antimicrobial effect by disrupting cell membranes or forming a membrane on the cell surface. Overall, the novel CS-DA-SA biomaterials have a promising future in antibacterial therapy.

Keywords: amphiphilic chitosan; antibacterial activity; deoxycholic acid; nanomicelles; succinic anhydride.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Standard curve of the free amino acid amount of chitosan.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Critical micellar concentration of CS-DA-SA.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) TEM images of CS-DA-SA at a scale of 100 nm. (B): TEM images of CS-DA-SA at a scale of 50 nm.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Growth curves of E. coli after exposure to the control, CS, CS-DA, CS-DA-SA; (B): growth curves of S. aureus after exposure to the control, CS, CS-DA, CS-DA-SA.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Absorption values at 260 nm for the release of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) from E. coli (A) and S. aureus (B) treated in the control, CS, CS-DA, and CS-DA-SA groups. Versus the control group, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Figure 6
Figure 6
SEM morphology of E. coli and S. aureus in the control, CS, CS-DA, and CS-DA-SA groups at a scale of 5 μm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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