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Review
. 2023 Nov 10;12(22):7020.
doi: 10.3390/jcm12227020.

Arrhythmias in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: An Ongoing Morbidity

Despoina Ntiloudi  1   2 , Spyridon Rammos  3 , Maria Karakosta  1   2 , Alkistis Kalesi  1   2 , Nearchos Kasinos  1   2 , George Giannakoulas  4
Affiliations
Review

Arrhythmias in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: An Ongoing Morbidity

Despoina Ntiloudi et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

With the aging of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients, the burden of arrhythmias is expanding. Atrial arrhythmias, especially intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia and atrial fibrillation, are the most prevalent forms of arrhythmia. Managing comorbidities, such as obesity, using pharmacotherapy, including antiarrhythmics and anticoagulants, and ablation therapy has become the cornerstone of arrhythmia management. Ventricular tachycardias are also not rare; however, except for tetralogy of Fallot patients, recommendations for the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators for primary prevention in other CHD patients are still not well established. Patients with CHD might also present with atrioventricular blockages because of their anatomy or following a surgical procedure. The scope of this article is to review the current knowledge and discuss the future directions regarding arrhythmia management in CHD patients.

Keywords: ablation; arrhythmia; congenital heart disease; sudden cardiac death.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The etiology of arrhythmia presentation in patients with congenital heart disease. CHD: congenital heart disease.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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