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. 2023 Oct 30;13(11):1558.
doi: 10.3390/jpm13111558.

The Association of Endothelin-1 with Early and Long-Term Mortality in COVID-19

Lyudmila Turgunova  1 , Irina Mekhantseva  1 , Yelena Laryushina  1 , Assel Alina  1 , Irina Bacheva  1 , Zhibek Zhumadilova  1 , Anar Turmukhambetova  1
Affiliations

The Association of Endothelin-1 with Early and Long-Term Mortality in COVID-19

Lyudmila Turgunova et al. J Pers Med. .

Abstract

(1) Background: Endothelial dysfunction is a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. High endothelin-1 during COVID-19 is associated with severe complications and increased mortality rates during hospitalization. This study is aimed to investigate the association of endothelin-1 levels with the risk of 30-day and 12-month all-cause mortality in patients with prior COVID-19. (2) Methods: A prospective study was conducted involving patients with COVID-19 in Karaganda, Kazakhstan. The level of endothelin-1 in the blood serum was evaluated by ELISA. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was used to determine factors and significance of endothelin-1 associated with the risk of mortality within 30 and 365 days from hospitalization. (3) Results: The median endothelin-1 was higher in the group of patients who passed away within 30 days. The group showed statistically significant differences when compared to healthy volunteers from the control group (p = 0.0001), surviving patients (p = 0.001), and those who passed away within a year (p = 0.002). (4) Conclusions: Endothelin-1 levels are associated with increased mortality risk during the acute period of COVID-19, while plasma endothelin-1 level association with COVID-19 survivor mortality risk does not persist after 12 months.

Keywords: COVID-19; endothelial dysfunction; endothelin-1; mortality.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The plasma concentration of endothelin in survivors (n = 435), 1-month non-survivors (n = 20), 12-month non-survivors (n = 15), and healthy controls (n = 35) was analyzed and compared.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Survival analysis. Percentage of survival of patients with COVID-19 depending on the median endothelin-1 for (a) 1-month mortality and (b) 12-month mortality.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Survival analysis. Percentage of survival of patients with COVID-19 depending on the median endothelin-1 for (a) 1-month mortality and (b) 12-month mortality.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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