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. 2023 Oct 24;11(11):2615.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11112615.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Maize (Zea mays L.) in the Formation and Stability of Aggregates in Two Types of Soil

Juan Florencio Gómez-Leyva  1 , Miguel Angel Segura-Castruita  1 , Laura Verónica Hernández-Cuevas  1 , Mayra Íñiguez-Rivas  1   2
Affiliations

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Maize (Zea mays L.) in the Formation and Stability of Aggregates in Two Types of Soil

Juan Florencio Gómez-Leyva et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

Knowledge of native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and their relationship with the edaphic characteristics where they live is important to establish the influence of allochthonous AMF, which were inoculated, on the development and stability of soil aggregates. The objectives of this research were to know the composition of native AMF species from two contrasting soils, and to establish the development and stability of aggregates in those soils with corn plants after inoculating them with allochthonous AMF. The experiment had three factors: Soil (two levels [S1 and S2]), HMA (three levels: without application [A0], with the application of Claroideoglomus claroideum [A1] and with the application of a consortium [A2]) and Fertilization (two levels (without fertilization [f0] and with fertilization [f1])). Twelve treatments were generated, with five replicates (60 experimental units [EU]). The EU consisted of a pot with a corn plant and the distribution was completely random. The results demonstrated that the Typic Ustifluvent presented nine species of native AMF, while the Typic Dystrustert had three; the native AMF in each soil influenced the activity of allochthonous AMF, such as their colonization and sporulation. Likewise, differences were found in the stability of macro-sized aggregates (0.5 to 2.0 mm).

Keywords: Claroideoglomus claroideum; Rhizophagus aggregatus; soil classification.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Climogram of Tlajomulco, Jalisco.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi identified in the soils used as a substrate: (a) Diversispora trimurales, (b) Rhizophagus aggregatus, (c) Diversispora aurantia, (d) Funneliformis geosporum, (e) Septoglomus sp., (f) Gigaspora candida, (g) Gigaspora gigantea, (h) Paraglomus occultum and (i) Acaulospora mellea.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mycorrhizal structures of corn roots at 16 weeks after planting. (a) Corn root colonized by AMF and (b) intradical structures. V vesicle, Sp spore, Ar arbuscule, Ih intercellular hyphae and Eh external hyphae.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Graphs of main effects of the levels of each factor under study for (a) colonization, (b) sporulation, (c) aggregates stability, (d) yield of maize, (e) phosphorous in soil, (f) total nitrogen in soil, (g) phosphorous in plant and (h) total nitrogen in plant.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Content of available phosphorus and total nitrogen in the soils of the treatments (different letters in bars of the same color indicate differences between treatments (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05)).
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