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Review
. 2023 Oct 24;11(11):2618.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11112618.

Emerging Infectious Diseases Are Virulent Viruses-Are We Prepared? An Overview

Jasmine J Han  1 , Hannah A Song  2 , Sarah L Pierson  3 , Jane Shen-Gunther  4 , Qingqing Xia  3
Affiliations
Review

Emerging Infectious Diseases Are Virulent Viruses-Are We Prepared? An Overview

Jasmine J Han et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

The recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 affected the global population, resulting in a significant loss of lives and global economic deterioration. COVID-19 highlighted the importance of public awareness and science-based decision making, and exposed global vulnerabilities in preparedness and response systems. Emerging and re-emerging viral outbreaks are becoming more frequent due to increased international travel and global warming. These viral outbreaks impose serious public health threats and have transformed national strategies for pandemic preparedness with global economic consequences. At the molecular level, viral mutations and variations are constantly thwarting vaccine efficacy, as well as diagnostic, therapeutic, and prevention strategies. Here, we discuss viral infectious diseases that were epidemic and pandemic, currently available treatments, and surveillance measures, along with their limitations.

Keywords: Ebola virus; MERS-CoV; SARS-CoV-2; Zika virus; air surveillance system; avian influenza; emerging virus; in-air pathogen detection; monkeypox.

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Conflict of interest statement

The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Defense Health Agency, Brooke Army Medical Center, Department of Defense, nor any agencies under the U.S. Government.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(Re)-emerging viral diseases: vectors, reservoirs, and routes of transmission. The causative viral agents, primary modes of transmission by vectors, reservoirs, and infectious biological materials, and hosts are shown (figure created with BioRender.com).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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