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. 2023 Nov 7;11(11):2723.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11112723.

The Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum I-Enriched Diet on the Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Queen Scallop (Aequipecten opercularis Linnaeus, 1758) Extracts

Ines Kovačić  1 , Petra Burić  2 , Ante Žunec  2 , Josipa Bilić  3 , Anamarija Prgić  4 , Iva Čanak  5 , Neven Iveša  2 , Mauro Štifanić  2 , Jadranka Frece  5
Affiliations

The Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum I-Enriched Diet on the Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Queen Scallop (Aequipecten opercularis Linnaeus, 1758) Extracts

Ines Kovačić et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

The use of probiotics in the diet of bivalves poses a great potential in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum I on the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (AC) of queen scallop extracts after one month of feeding. Total phenols (TP) ranged from 28.17 ± 3.11 to 58.58 ± 8.57 mg GAE/100 g, total non-flavonoids (TNF) from 23.33 ± 3.66 to 36.56 ± 9.91 mg GAE/100 g, and total flavonoids (TF) from 10.56 ± 5.57 to 30.16 ± 1.69 mg CE/100 g. AC was assessed via three different methods: the ferric-reducing ability of plasma assay (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid assay (ABTS), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl assay (DPPH). FRAP values ranged from 0.13 ± 0.03 to 0.17 ± 0.02 µM AA/g, ABTS from 0.68 ± 0.11 to 2.79 ± 0.34 µM AA/g, and DPPH from 1.75 ± 0.17 to 2.98 ± 0.53 µM AA/g. Among all extracts, the best phenolic content and AC were observed in water extracts from queen scallops. The bivalves treated with the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum I-enriched diet showed higher AC according to the FRAP assay in all extracts. A significant correlation was observed between AC and TP and TNF in control and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum I-treated scallops.

Keywords: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum I; antioxidant capacity; phenolic content; probiotic.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Total phenols (mean ± SD) in water, 70% ethanol, and 90% methanol extracts of control scallops (CON) and scallops fed with a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum I (LAB)-enriched diet.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Total non-flavonoids (mean ± SD) in water, 70% ethanol, and 90% methanol extracts of control scallops (CON) and scallops fed with a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum I (LAB)-enriched diet.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Total flavonoids (mean ± SD) in water, 70% ethanol, and 90% methanol extracts of control scallops (CON) and scallops fed with a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum I (LAB)-enriched diet. The asterisk indicates the statistical difference (* p < 0.05, t-test).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Antioxidant capacity (mean ± SD) in water, 70% ethanol, and 90% methanol extracts of control scallops (CON) and scallops fed with a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum I (LAB)-enriched diet, measured by the FRAP assay. The asterisk indicates the statistical difference (* p < 0.05, t-test).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Antioxidant capacity (mean ± SD) in water, 70% ethanol, and 90% methanol extracts of control scallops (CON) and scallops fed with a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum I (LAB)-enriched diet, measured by the ABTS assay.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Antioxidant capacity (mean ± SD) in water, 70% ethanol, and 90% methanol extracts of control scallops and scallops fed with a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum I-enriched diet, measured by the DPPH assay. The asterisk indicates the statistical difference (* p < 0.05, t-test).
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