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Review
. 2023 Nov 20;11(11):2814.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11112814.

Salmonella Infection in Poultry: A Review on the Pathogen and Control Strategies

Syamily Shaji  1 , Ramesh K Selvaraj  1 , Revathi Shanmugasundaram  2
Affiliations
Review

Salmonella Infection in Poultry: A Review on the Pathogen and Control Strategies

Syamily Shaji et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

Salmonella is the leading cause of food-borne zoonotic disease worldwide. Non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes are the primary etiological agents associated with salmonellosis in poultry. Contaminated poultry eggs and meat products are the major sources of human Salmonella infection. Horizontal and vertical transmission are the primary routes of infection in chickens. The principal virulence genes linked to Salmonella pathogenesis in poultry are located in Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2). Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses are involved in the defense against Salmonella invasion in poultry. Vaccination of chickens and supplementation of feed additives like prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and bacteriophages are currently being used to mitigate the Salmonella load in poultry. Despite the existence of various control measures, there is still a need for a broad, safe, and well-defined strategy that can confer long-term protection from Salmonella in poultry flocks. This review examines the current knowledge on the etiology, transmission, cell wall structure, nomenclature, pathogenesis, immune response, and efficacy of preventative approaches to Salmonella.

Keywords: Salmonella; poultry; vaccines.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overview of the various transmission routes of Salmonella. Created with Biorender.com (accessed on 26 July 2023).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic representation of Salmonella pathogenesis in poultry. Created with Biorender.com (accessed on 26 July 2023).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Salmonella control strategies in poultry. Created with Biorender.com (accessed on 26 July 2023).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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