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Review
. 2023 Nov 9;28(22):7513.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28227513.

Recent Advances in Drug Discovery for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment

Domiziana Masci  1 , Chiara Naro  2   3 , Michela Puxeddu  4 , Andrea Urbani  1 , Claudio Sette  2   3 , Giuseppe La Regina  4 , Romano Silvestri  4
Affiliations
Review

Recent Advances in Drug Discovery for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment

Domiziana Masci et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most heterogeneous and aggressive breast cancer subtypes with a high risk of death on recurrence. To date, TNBC is very difficult to treat due to the lack of an effective targeted therapy. However, recent advances in the molecular characterization of TNBC are encouraging the development of novel drugs and therapeutic combinations for its therapeutic management. In the present review, we will provide an overview of the currently available standard therapies and new emerging therapeutic strategies against TNBC, highlighting the promises that newly developed small molecules, repositioned drugs, and combination therapies have of improving treatment efficacy against these tumors.

Keywords: PARP; antibody drug conjugates; cancer; combination therapy; drug resistance; inhibitors; kinases; microtubules; triple-negative breast cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of conventional chemotherapeutic agents.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structure of PARP inhibitors.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structure of CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Chemical structure of CDK2 inhibitors.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Chemical structure of CDK7, CDK12, and CDK13 inhibitors.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Chemical structure of microtubule inhibitors.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Chemical structure of AURKA inhibitors.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Chemical structure of mirvetuximab soravtansine.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Chemical structure of praluzatamab ravtansine.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Chemical structure of PI3K inhibitors.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Schematic presentation of AKT1 signaling cascade. Black arrows represent signaling activation while red bars indicate inhibitory signals.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Chemical structure of AKT inhibitors.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Schematic presentation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Chemical structure of mTOR inhibitor.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Chemical structure of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Chemical structure of EGFR inhibitors.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Chemical structure of SRC tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Chemical structure of c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Figure 19
Figure 19
Chemical structure of JAK inhibitor.
Figure 20
Figure 20
Chemical structure of IAP-SMAC inhibitor.
Figure 21
Figure 21
Chemical structure of NNMT bisubstrate inhibitors.
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