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. 2023 Nov 16;12(22):3877.
doi: 10.3390/plants12223877.

Multivariate Analysis among Marker Compounds, Environmental Factors, and Fruit Quality of Schisandra chinensis at Different Locations in South Korea

Dong Hwan Lee  1 , Young-Ki Kim  1 , Yonghwan Son  1 , Gwang Hun Park  1 , Hae-Yun Kwon  1 , Youngki Park  2 , Eung-Jun Park  2 , Sun-Young Lee  1 , Hyun-Jun Kim  1
Affiliations

Multivariate Analysis among Marker Compounds, Environmental Factors, and Fruit Quality of Schisandra chinensis at Different Locations in South Korea

Dong Hwan Lee et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the correlation among the contents of marker compounds, growth characteristics, and environmental factors of Schisandra chinensis fruits across South Korea. The fruits were collected from 36 cultivation sites in 28 regions across the country. We investigated nine growth characteristics, twelve soil physicochemical properties, eight meteorological data, and three marker compounds in this study. We optimized and validated an optimized method for quantifying marker compounds using UPLC and performed correlation analysis among the contents of marker compounds, growth characteristics, and environmental factors. The UPLC-UV method for analyzing marker compounds was validated by measuring linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, and accuracy. The marker compounds were negatively correlated with the fruit size and sugar contents, and growth characteristics were negatively correlated with some physicochemical properties of the soil. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the standard cultural practices and quality control of S. chinensis fruits.

Keywords: UPLC-UV; correlation analysis; growth characteristics; magnolia berry; marker compounds; method validation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
UPLC chromatogram of marker compounds of the standard mixture (A) and Schisandra chinensis fruit sample (B). 1, Schisandrin; 2, Gomisin A; 3, Gomisin N.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlation analysis of marker compounds, growth characteristics, and environmental factors. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Network model for relationship between growth characteristics and environmental factors ((A): soil physicochemical properties; (B): meteorological factors) and contents of marker compounds (C); green lines, positive correlations; red lines, negative correlations; Sch, Schisandrin; GomA, Gomisin A; GomN, Gomisin N; TTL, Total.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Geographical information for the cultivated fruit samples of Schisandra chinensis from the various provinces.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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