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. 2023 Oct 26;15(11):2156.
doi: 10.3390/v15112156.

Current Trends of HIV Infection in the Russian Federation

Daria Ogarkova  1 , Anastasiia Antonova  1 , Anna Kuznetsova  1 , Ruslan Adgamov  1 , Andrei Pochtovyi  1 , Denis Kleimenov  1 , Elena Tsyganova  2 , Vladimir Gushchin  1   3 , Aleksandr Gintsburg  1   4 , Aleksei Mazus  2
Affiliations

Current Trends of HIV Infection in the Russian Federation

Daria Ogarkova et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Russia remains one of the areas most affected by HIV in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The aim of this study was to analyze HIV infection indicators and study trends in Russia using data from the Federal Statistic Form No. 61 "Information about HIV infection". HIV incidence, prevalence, HIV testing and mortality rates (from 2011 to 2022), and treatment success rates (from 2016 to 2022) were analyzed. These indicators were compared across different federal districts (FDs) of Russia. The findings revealed a significant downward trend in HIV incidence, while a significant upward trend was observed for HIV prevalence. The mortality rate has stabilized since 2018. The coverage of HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy increased over time. The number of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) with a suppressed viral load in Russia as a whole varied between 72% and 77% during the years under observation. The Siberian and Ural federal districts recorded the highest HIV incidence, while the North Caucasian FD reported the lowest. An increase in HIV testing coverage was observed across all FDs. This comprehensive evaluation of HIV infection indicators within the regional context contributes to the timely implementation of measures aimed at preventing the spread of HIV.

Keywords: HIV-1; Russia; antiretroviral therapy; incidence; mortality; prevalence.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Intensive indicators of HIV infection in the Russian Federation. (A) Indicators of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. The left y-axis is relevant for incidence and mortality, and the right y-axis is relevant for prevalence. (B) Indicator of HIV testing. (C) Indicators of ART. Stacked column chart: the proportion of the PLWH receiving ART and the proportion of patients with suppressed VL. The red lines indicate 95% limits according to the “95-95-95” strategy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Incidence of HIV infection in the federal districts of the Russian Federation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Coverage of HIV testing in the federal districts of the Russian Federation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
HIV infection in the Central Federal District. (A) Intensive indicators of the epidemic process of HIV infection. The left y-axis is relevant for incidence and mortality, and the right y-axis is relevant for prevalence. (B) Antiretroviral therapy. Stacked column chart: the proportion of the PLWH receiving ART and the proportion of patients with suppressed VL. The red lines indicate 95% limits according to the “95-95-95” strategy.
Figure 5
Figure 5
HIV infection in the Northwestern Federal District. (A) Intensive indicators of the epidemic process of HIV infection. The left y-axis is relevant for incidence and mortality, and the right y-axis is relevant for prevalence. (B) Antiretroviral therapy. Stacked column chart: the proportion of the PLWH receiving ART and the proportion of patients with suppressed VL. The red lines indicate 95% limits according to the “95-95-95” strategy.
Figure 6
Figure 6
HIV infection in the Ural Federal District. (A) Intensive indicators of the epidemic process of HIV infection. The left y-axis is relevant for incidence and mortality, and the right y-axis is relevant for prevalence. (B) Antiretroviral therapy. Stacked column chart: the proportion of the PLWH receiving ART and the proportion of patients with suppressed VL. The red lines indicate 95% limits according to the “95-95-95” strategy.
Figure 7
Figure 7
HIV infection in the Volga Federal District. (A) Intensive indicators of the epidemic process of HIV infection. The left y-axis is relevant for incidence and mortality, and the right y-axis is relevant for prevalence. (B) Antiretroviral therapy. Stacked column chart: the proportion of the PLWH receiving ART and the proportion of patients with suppressed VL. The red lines indicate 95% limits according to the “95-95-95” strategy.
Figure 8
Figure 8
HIV infection in the Siberian Federal District. (A) Intensive indicators of the epidemic process of HIV infection. The left y-axis is relevant for incidence and mortality, and the right y-axis is relevant for prevalence. (B) Antiretroviral therapy. Stacked column chart: the proportion of the PLWH receiving ART and the proportion of patients with suppressed VL. The red lines indicate 95% limits according to the “95-95-95” strategy.
Figure 9
Figure 9
HIV infection in the Southern Federal District. (A) Intensive indicators of the epidemic process of HIV infection. The left y-axis is relevant for incidence and mortality, and the right y-axis is relevant for prevalence. (B) Antiretroviral therapy. Stacked column chart: the proportion of the PLWH receiving ART and the proportion of patients with suppressed VL. The red lines indicate 95% limits according to the “95-95-95” strategy.
Figure 10
Figure 10
HIV infection in the Far Eastern Federal District. (A) Intensive indicators of the epidemic process of HIV infection. The left y-axis is relevant for incidence and mortality, and the right y-axis is relevant for prevalence. (B) Antiretroviral therapy. Stacked column chart: the proportion of the PLWH receiving ART and the proportion of patients with suppressed VL. The red lines indicate 95% limits according to the “95-95-95” strategy.
Figure 11
Figure 11
HIV infection in the North Caucasian Federal District. (A) Intensive indicators of the epidemic process of HIV infection. The left y-axis is relevant for incidence and mortality, and the right y-axis is relevant for prevalence. (B) Antiretroviral therapy. Stacked column chart: the proportion of the PLWH receiving ART and the proportion of patients with suppressed VL. The red lines indicate 95% limits according to the “95-95-95” strategy.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Trend lines of long-term dynamics of HIV infection in Russia. The scale on the left (black) reflects the values for the incidence and mortality trend line. The scale on the left (red) reflects values for the prevalence of HIV-1.
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