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. 2023 Oct 31;15(11):2198.
doi: 10.3390/v15112198.

Transcriptomic Profiling of Influenza A Virus-Infected Mouse Lung at Recovery Stage Using RNA Sequencing

Huda A M Al-Shalan  1   2 , Dailun Hu  3 , Penghao Wang  1 , Jasim Uddin  1 , Abha Chopra  4 , Wayne K Greene  1 , Bin Ma  1
Affiliations

Transcriptomic Profiling of Influenza A Virus-Infected Mouse Lung at Recovery Stage Using RNA Sequencing

Huda A M Al-Shalan et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Influenza A virus (IAV) is known to cause mild to severe respiratory illness. Under some conditions, the infection can lead to pneumonia (viral or bacterial), acute respiratory distress syndrome, and other complications that can be fatal, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and individuals with underlying health conditions. Despite previous studies, little is known about the host immune response and neuroimmune interactions in IAV infection. Using RNA sequencing, we performed transcriptomic analysis of murine lung tissue 21 days post infection (dpi) with IAV (H1N1) in order to find the differentially expression genes (DEGs) related to the host immune response and neuroimmune interactions inside the lung during recovery. Among 792 DEGs, 434 genes were up-regulated, whereas 358 genes were down-regulated. The most prominent molecular functions of the up-regulated genes were related to the immune response and tissue repair, whereas a large proportion of the down-regulated genes were associated with neural functions. Although further molecular/functional studies need to be performed for these DEGs, our results facilitate the understanding of the host response (from innate immunity to adaptive immunity) and neuroimmune interactions in infected lungs at the recovery stage of IAV infection. These genes might have potential uses as mechanistic/diagnostic biomarkers and represent possible targets for anti-IAV therapies.

Keywords: RNA sequencing; immunometabolism; influenza A virus; neuroregulation; respiratory infection; transcriptomic analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no competing interests to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Volcano plots showing the top 20 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated DEGs in the lungs of IAV-infected mice (21 dpi) compared with control mice.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Top 15 enriched pathways based on DEGs (21 dpi) of IAV. Pathway analysis allowed the construction of a scatter plot of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs after infection. The dot size indicates the number of genes in this pathway, and the intensity of red shows increasingly significant p-values.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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