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. 2023 Nov 8;15(11):2223.
doi: 10.3390/v15112223.

Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in México: Three Years since Wuhan, China's First Reported Case

Juan Daniel Lira-Morales  1 , Osvaldo López-Cuevas  1 , José Andrés Medrano-Félix  2 , Jean Pierre González-Gómez  1 , Irvin González-López  1 , Nohelia Castro-Del Campo  1 , Bruno Gomez-Gil  3 , Cristóbal Chaidez  1
Affiliations

Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in México: Three Years since Wuhan, China's First Reported Case

Juan Daniel Lira-Morales et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this work was to analyze the metadata of the SARS-CoV-2 sequences obtained from samples collected in Mexico from 2020 to 2022.

Materials and methods: Metadata of SARS-CoV-2 sequences from samples collected in Mexico up to 31 December 2022 was retrieved from GISAID and manually cured for interpretation.

Results: As of December 2022, Mexican health authorities and the scientific community have sequenced up to 81,983 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes deposited in GISAID, representing 1.1% of confirmed cases. The number of sequences obtained per state corresponded to the gross domestic product (GDP) of each state for the first (Mexico City) and the last (Tlaxcala). Approximately 25% of the sequences were obtained from CoViGen-Mex, an interdisciplinary initiative of health and scientific institutions to collect and sequence samples nationwide. The metadata showed a clear dominance of sequences retrieved by women. A similar variant distribution over time was found in Mexico and overseas, with the Omicron variant predominating. Finally, the age group with the highest representation in the sequences was adults aged 21 to 50 years, accounting for more than 50% of the total.

Conclusions: Mexico presents diverse sociodemographic and economic characteristics. The COVID-19 pandemic has been and continues to be a challenge for collaboration across the country and around the world.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; genomic surveillance; metadata.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Metadata distribution of SARS-CoV-2 sequences from samples collected in Mexico and categorized by institution of origin, year of submission, sex, SARS-CoV-2 variant, and age group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of sequences per state in Mexico. (A) Sequences reported per state (Collected from February 2020 to December 2022); (B) Sequences reported per 100,000 inhabitants; and (C) Sequences reported per 10,000 confirmed cases.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Sex distribution of sequences collected from Mexico annually Metadata with unknown information is not shown. In all cases, the percent values were rounded to two decimals.
Figure 4
Figure 4
SARS-CoV-2 presence in Mexico, 2020–2022. (A) Variant distribution of SARS-CoV-2 on samples collected in Mexico in 2020–2022. (B) Deaths associated with COVID-19 in Mexico per year. (C) Sequences reported from samples taken in Mexico per year. (D) Number of sequences per defunction in Mexico per year.
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