Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Nov 16;11(11):1722.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines11111722.

New Vaccine Introductions in WHO African Region between 2000 and 2022

Chinwe Iwu-Jaja  1 , Chidozie Declan Iwu  2 , Anelisa Jaca  3 , Charles Shey Wiysonge  1
Affiliations

New Vaccine Introductions in WHO African Region between 2000 and 2022

Chinwe Iwu-Jaja et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

Significant progress has been made in vaccine development worldwide. This study examined the WHO African Region's vaccine introduction trends from 2000 to 2022, excluding COVID-19 vaccines. We extracted data on vaccine introductions from the WHO/UNICEF joint reporting form for 17 vaccines. We examined the frequency and percentages of vaccine introductions from 2000 to 2022, as well as between two specific time periods (2000-2010 and 2011-2022). We analysed Gavi eligible and ineligible countries separately and used a Chi-squared test to determine if vaccine introductions differed significantly. Three vaccines have been introduced in all 47 countries within the region: hepatitis B (HepB), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Between 2011 and 2022, HepB, Hib, IPV, the second dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV2), and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) were the five most frequently introduced vaccines. Hepatitis A vaccine has only been introduced in Mauritius, while Japanese encephalitis vaccine has not been introduced in any African country. Between 2000-2010 and 2011-2022, a statistically significant rise in the number of vaccine introductions was noted (p < 0.001) with a significant positive association between Gavi eligibility and vaccine introductions (p < 0.001). Significant progress has been made in the introduction of new vaccines between 2000 and 2022 in the WHO African Region, with notable introductions between 2011 and 2022. Commitments from countries, and establishing the infrastructure required for effective implementation, remain crucial.

Keywords: Africa; Gavi; WHO; vaccine introduction.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Number of countries which have introduced each vaccine between 2000 to 2022.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Trends in new vaccine introductions per year in the WHO African Region from 2000 to 2022.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Summary of vaccine introductions 2000 to 2010 vs 2011 to 2022 in the WHO African Region.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Ozawa S., Mirelman A., Stack M.L., Walker D.G., Levine O.S. Cost-effectiveness and economic benefits of vaccines in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Vaccine. 2012;31:96–108. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.103. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Li X., Mukandavire C., Cucunubá Z.M., Echeverria Londono S., Abbas K., Clapham H.E., Jit M., Johnson H.L., Papadopoulos T., Vynnycky E., et al. Estimating the health impact of vaccination against ten pathogens in 98 low-income and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2030: A modelling study. Lancet. 2021;397:398–408. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32657-X. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Toor J., Echeverria-Londono S., Li X., Abbas K., Carter E.D., Clapham H.E., Clark A., de Villiers M.J., Eilertson K., Ferrari M., et al. Lives saved with vaccination for 10 pathogens across 112 countries in a pre-COVID-19 world. eLife. 2021;10:e67635. doi: 10.7554/eLife.67635. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. World Health Organization Investment Case for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Surveillance in the African Region, 2020–2030. [(accessed on 30 May 2023)]; Available online: https://www.afro.who.int/publications/investment-case-vaccine-preventabl....
    1. Loharikar A., Dumolard L., Chu S., Hyde T., Goodman T., Mantel C. Status of new vaccine introduction—Worldwide, September 2016. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2016;65:1136–1140. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6541a3. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources