Muscle activity variability patterns and stride to stride fluctuations of older adults are positively correlated during walking

Abstract

It has been found that fractal-like patterns are present in the temporal structure of the variability of healthy biological rhythms, while pathology and disease lead to their deterioration. Interestingly, it has recently been suggested that these patterns in biological rhythms are related with each other, reflecting overall health or lack of it, due to their interaction. However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms responsible for such dependency remain unknown. In addition, this relationship between different elements needs to be first verified before we even pursue understanding their interaction. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between two elements of the neuromuscular system, gait and muscle activity variability patterns in older adults. Twenty-one older adults walked at their preferred walking speed on a treadmill. Inter-stride intervals were obtained through an accelerometer placed on the lateral malleoli to assess the temporal structure of variability of stride-to-stride fluctuations. Inter muscle peak intervals were obtained through the electromyographic signal of the gastrocnemius to assess the temporal structure of the variability of the simultaneous muscle activity. The temporal structure of variability from both signals was evaluated through the detrended fluctuation analysis, while their magnitude of variability was evaluated using the coefficient of variation. The Pearson's Correlation coefficient was used to identify the relationship between the two dependent variables. A significant strong positive correlation was found between the temporal structure of gait and muscle activity patterns. This result suggests that there is an interdependency between biological rhythms that compose the human neuromuscular system.

Figure 1

The correlation between Inter Muscle Activity Intervals (α-IMPIs) and Inter Stride Intervals (α-ISIs). The individual data points represent each participant value.

Figure 2

The mean values of Coefficient of Variation (%) and Fractal Scaling of Inter Stride Intervals (ISIs) and Inter Muscle Activity Intervals (IMPIs). Data are presented as Mean ± 95% of Confidence Intervals. The individual data points represent each participant value. ** indicates p < 0.01.