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. 2023 Apr 24;8(8):1930-1936.
doi: 10.1039/d3re00154g. eCollection 2023 Jul 25.

Heterogeneous photochemical reaction enabled by an ultrasonic microreactor

Aniket P Udepurkar  1 , Kakasaheb Y Nandiwale  2 , Klavs F Jensen  2 , Simon Kuhn  1
Affiliations

Heterogeneous photochemical reaction enabled by an ultrasonic microreactor

Aniket P Udepurkar et al. React Chem Eng. .

Abstract

The presence of solids as starting reagents/reactants or products in flow photochemical reactions can lead to reactor clogging and yield reduction from side reactions. We address this limitation with a new ultrasonic microreactor for continuous solid-laden photochemical reactions. The ultrasonic photochemical microreactor is characterized by the liquid and solid residence time distribution (RTD) and the absorbed photon flux in the reactor via chemical actinometry. The solid-handling capability of the ultrasonic photochemical microreactor is demonstrated with a silyl radical-mediated metallaphotoredox cross-electrophile coupling with a solid base as a reagent.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. (a) Glass reactor R1 bonded to piezoelectric plate transducer. The inlet and outlet of the reactor are on two opposite faces of reactor, (b) dimensions of piezoelectric plate transducer for the reactor R1, and (c) glass reactor R2.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of liquid RTD measurement at inlet: six-way valve outlet is connected to UV-vis flow cell, (b) schematic of liquid RTD measurements of reactor at outlet configuration: the reactor is connected between the six-way valve and the UV-vis flow cell.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Schematic of the inlet configuration for solid RTD measurement. (a) The outlet of the six-way valve is connected to a Y-junction along with water to dissolve solids before they reach the UV-vis flow cell, (b) schematic of the solid RTD measurements of the reactor at outlet configuration.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Liquid RTD for the ultrasonic microreactor for the silent and sonicated case (residence time 11 min).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Solid and liquid (sonicated case) RTD for the ultrasonic microreactor (residence time 11 min).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. (a) Reaction scheme of silyl mediated photochemical reaction and (b) schematic of the experimental setup for photochemical reaction in an ultrasonic microreactor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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