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. 2023 Oct 23;15(10):e47535.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.47535. eCollection 2023 Oct.

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Ananas comosus Extract: Preparation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Efficacy

Tanvi Shah  1 , Sugumaran Surendar  1 , Sanyukta Singh  1
Affiliations

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Ananas comosus Extract: Preparation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Efficacy

Tanvi Shah et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Background This study aimed to environmentally synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Ananas comosus (AC) extract and evaluated their antimicrobial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis. Methodology AC extract was combined with a zinc sulfate solution to synthesize ZnO-NPs. The NPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive electron microscopy (EDX). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar disc diffusion method against S. aureus, S. mutans, and E. faecalis. Results Green synthesis of ZnO-NPs with AC extract yielded NPs of different sizes and shapes. SEM analysis showed circular and conical NPs measuring up to 10 nm. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of zinc (Zn) and oxygen (O) particles. UV-visible spectroscopy indicated ZnO-NP formation with a peak at 290 nm. These NPs exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, with larger inhibition zones at higher concentrations, i.e., 15 mm at 100 μL. Whereas they showed low activity of 12 mm at 100 μL against S. mutans and showed no activity against E. faecalis. Conclusions Environmentally friendly synthesis of ZnO-NPs using AC extract provides an effective method for NP production. It exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, indicating the potential for targeted antimicrobial solutions in addressing associated infections.

Keywords: ananas comosus extract; antimicrobial potential; green synthesis; staphylococcus aureus; zinc oxide nanoparticles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Formation of pineapple extract from pineapple fruit (a), the addition of zinc sulfate solution (b), and the formation of concentrate (c).
Figure 2
Figure 2. Color changes to a clear solution indicating the formation of ZnO-NPs.
ZnO-NPs: zinc oxide nanoparticles
Figure 3
Figure 3. UV-visible spectroscopy showing a single peak at 290 nm wavelength and 3.000 absorbance.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Scanning electron microscopy of samples showing nanoparticles of conical and circular shape at 300× (a) and 5,500× (b) magnification.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Energy-dispersive electron microscopy results showing quantities of carbon, oxygen, and zinc as 46.5%, 41.4%, and 7.2% (Wt.%), respectively.
Wt.%: weight percentage
Figure 6
Figure 6. Fourier transform infrared results of pineapple-derived zinc oxide nanoparticles.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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