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Review
. 2023 Nov 9:19:1694-1712.
doi: 10.3762/bjoc.19.124. eCollection 2023.

Quinoxaline derivatives as attractive electron-transporting materials

Zeeshan Abid  1 , Liaqat Ali  1 , Sughra Gulzar  1 , Faiza Wahad  1 , Raja Shahid Ashraf  1 , Christian B Nielsen  2
Affiliations
Review

Quinoxaline derivatives as attractive electron-transporting materials

Zeeshan Abid et al. Beilstein J Org Chem. .

Abstract

This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in electron transport materials derived from quinoxaline, along with their applications in various electronic devices. We focus on their utilization in organic solar cells (OSCs), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic-light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and other organic electronic technologies. Notably, the potential of quinoxaline derivatives as non-fullerene acceptors in OSCs, auxiliary acceptors and bridging materials in DSSCs, and n-type semiconductors in transistor devices is discussed in detail. Additionally, their significance as thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters and chromophores for OLEDs, sensors and electrochromic devices is explored. The review emphasizes the remarkable characteristics and versatility of quinoxaline derivatives in electron transport applications. Furthermore, ongoing research efforts aimed at enhancing their performance and addressing key challenges in various applications are presented.

Keywords: electron transport materials; n-type semiconductors; non-fullerene acceptors; organic electronics; quinoxalines.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structures of some of the most versatile Qx scaffolds; dashed lines indicate the substitution sites for core expansion.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Qx-derived polymer acceptors.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Qx-derived small molecule NFAs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Qx-derived small molecule NFAs.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Dyes and sensitizers based on Qx auxiliary acceptors or bridging units.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Qx-derived n-type transistor materials.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Qx-derived ETM and TADF emitters.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Qx-derived chromophores.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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