Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Nov 30;18(11):e0290705.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290705. eCollection 2023.

Investigation of vibration's effect on driver in optimal motion cueing algorithm

Hazoor Ahmad  1 , Muhammad Tariq  2 , Awais Yasin  3 , Sohail Razzaq  4 , Muhammad Ahmad Chaudhry  5 , Inam Ul Hasan Shaikh  5 , Ahsan Ali  5 , Saeed Mian Qaisar  6   7 , Jamshed Iqbal  8
Affiliations

Investigation of vibration's effect on driver in optimal motion cueing algorithm

Hazoor Ahmad et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

The increased sensation error between the surroundings and the driver is a major problem in driving simulators, resulting in unrealistic motion cues. Intelligent control schemes have to be developed to provide realistic motion cues to the driver. The driver's body model incorporates the effects of vibrations on the driver's health, comfort, perception, and motion sickness, and most of the current research on motion cueing has not considered these factors. This article proposes a novel optimal motion cueing algorithm that utilizes the driver's body model in conjunction with the driver's perception model to minimize the sensation error. Moreover, this article employs H∞ control in place of the linear quadratic regulator to optimize the quadratic cost function of sensation error. As compared to state of the art, we achieve decreased sensation error in terms of small root-mean-square difference (70%, 61%, and 84% decrease in case of longitudinal acceleration, lateral acceleration, and yaw velocity, respectively) and improved coefficient of cross-correlation (3% and 1% increase in case of longitudinal and lateral acceleration, respectively).

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. A generic Stewart platform with basic frames and parameters.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Iterative solution of forward kinematics.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Supposed trajectories of position and orientation.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Calculated values of limb lengths.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Basicentric coordinate system of the driver body (seated position).
Fig 6
Fig 6. Proposed optimal cueing framework.
Fig 7
Fig 7. Longitudinal acceleration and resulting cues using linear quadratic regulator based on optimal MCA.
Fig 8
Fig 8. Lateral acceleration and resulting cues using linear quadratic regulator based on optimal MCA.
Fig 9
Fig 9. Yaw velocity and resulting cues using linear quadratic regulator based on optimal MCA.
Fig 10
Fig 10. Plots of longitudinal acceleration and resulting cues show a comparison between the MCAs based on MPC, LQR MCA, GA, and the proposed one.
Fig 11
Fig 11. Lateral acceleration and resulting cues using the proposed approach.
Fig 12
Fig 12. Longitudinal acceleration and resulting acceleration cues using the proposed approach.
Fig 13
Fig 13. Yaw velocity and resulting cues using the proposed approach.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Lee WS, Kim JH, Cho JH. A driving simulator as a virtual reality tool. In: Proceedings. 1998 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No. 98CH36146). vol. 1. IEEE; 1998. p. 71–76.
    1. Ahmed E, Iqbal J, Arshad M, Liang W, Youn I. Predictive control using active aerodynamic surfaces to improve ride quality of a vehicle”, Electronics, 2020, 9(9):1463.
    1. Casas-Yrurzum S, Portal´es-Ricart C, Morillo-Tena P, Cruz-Neira C. On the Objective Evaluation of Motion Cueing in Vehicle Simulations. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 2020;22(5):3001–3013.
    1. Ahmad H, Arif T, Hanif MA, Hafiz R, Shafique M. SuperSlash: A unified design space exploration and model compression methodology for design of deep learning accelerators with reduced off-chip memory access volume. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. 2020;39(11):4191–4204.
    1. Conrad B, Schmidt S, Douvillier J. Washout circuit design for multi-degrees-offreedom moving base simulators. In: Visual and Motion Simulation Conference; 1973. p. 929.