A Literature Review on the Coexisting Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Heart Failure

Abstract

The convergence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF) is a prevalent yet often overlooked medical scenario. This coexistence poses diagnostic challenges due to symptom similarities. This comprehensive review extensively examines the impact of COPD and HF on pharmacological management. Furthermore, the concurrent presence of these conditions amplifies both mortality rates and societal financial strain. Addressing these intertwined ailments necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. Within this review, we delve into the foundational mechanisms, diagnostic intricacies, and available management choices for these closely related conditions.

Keywords: coexistent disease; copd: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; heart failure; management; mortality.

Figure 1. Schematic presentation of the underlying pathophysiology of coexisting COPD and heart failure

HTN: hypertension; HF: heart failure; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Figure 2. Study selection process for this literature review

Figure 3. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification of airflow limitation severity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (in patients with FEV1/FVC < .70)

FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC: forced vital capacity; Gold: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease