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Review
. 2023 Jan-Dec:22:15330338231204198.
doi: 10.1177/15330338231204198.

Current Situation and Prospect of Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy for Malignancies

Dong Zhao  1 , Dantong Zhu  1 , Fei Cai  1 , Mingzhe Jiang  1 , Xuefei Liu  1 , Tingting Li  1 , Zhendong Zheng  1
Affiliations
Review

Current Situation and Prospect of Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy for Malignancies

Dong Zhao et al. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2023 Jan-Dec.

Abstract

Adoptive cell immunotherapy (ACT) is an innovative promising treatment for tumors. ACT is characterized by the infusion of active anti-tumor immune cells (specific and non-specific) into patients to kill tumor cells either directly or indirectly by stimulating the body's immune system. The patient's (autologous) or a donor's (allogeneic) immune cells are used to improve immune function. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CAR-T) is a type of ACT that has gained attention. T cells from the peripheral blood are genetically engineered to express CARs that rapidly proliferate and specifically recognize target antigens to exert its anti-tumor effects. Clinical application of CAR-T therapy for hematological tumors has shown good results, but adverse reactions and recurrence limit its applicability. Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is effective for solid tumors. TIL therapy exhibits T cell receptor (TCR) clonality, superior tumor homing ability, and low targeted toxicity, but its successful application is limited to a number of tumors. Regardless, TIL and CAR-T therapies are effective for treating cancer. Additionally, CAR-natural killer (NK), CAR-macrophages (M), and TCR-T therapies are currently being researched. In this review, we highlight the current developments and limitations of several types of ACT.

Keywords: CAR-NK; CAR-T; CAR-macrophage; TCR-T; TIL; immunotherapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
TIL therapy process.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Different generations of CAR-T cells.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Historic timeline of the development of CAR-T cells.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Evolution of ACTs for malignancies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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