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. 2023 Dec 1;23(1):1338.
doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-10283-3.

Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Burkina Faso: a modelling study

Joël Arthur Kiendrébéogo  1   2   3 , Annick Raissa O Sidibe  4   5 , Ghislain Bertrand Compaoré  6 , Relwendé Nacanabo  7 , Orokia Sory  8 , Issa Ouédraogo  4 , Saira Nawaz  9 , Anne E Schuind  9 , Andrew Clark  10
Affiliations

Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Burkina Faso: a modelling study

Joël Arthur Kiendrébéogo et al. BMC Health Serv Res. .

Abstract

Background: Africa has some of the highest cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates globally. Burkina Faso launched a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme for 9-year-old girls in 2022 with support from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (Gavi). An economic evaluation of HPV vaccination is required to help sustain investment and inform decisions about optimal HPV vaccine choices.

Methods: We used a proportionate outcomes static cohort model to evaluate the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination for 9-year-old girls over a ten-year period (2022-2031) in Burkina Faso. The primary outcome measure was the cost (2022 US$) per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted from a limited societal perspective (including all vaccine costs borne by the government and Gavi, radiation therapy costs borne by the government, and all other direct medical costs borne by patients and their families). We evaluated four vaccines (CERVARIX®, CECOLIN®, GARDASIL-4®, GARDASIL-9®), comparing each to no vaccination (and no change in existing cervical cancer screening and treatment strategies) and to each other. We combined local estimates of HPV type distribution, healthcare costs, vaccine coverage and costs with GLOBOCAN 2020 disease burden data and clinical trial efficacy data. We ran deterministic and probabilistic uncertainty analyses.

Results: HPV vaccination could prevent 37-72% of cervical cancer cases and deaths. CECOLIN® had the most favourable cost-effectiveness (cost per DALY averted < 0.27 times the national gross domestic product [GDP] per capita). When cross-protection was included, CECOLIN® remained the most cost-effective (cost per DALY averted < 0.20 times the national GDP per capita), but CERVARIX® provided greater health benefits (66% vs. 48% reduction in cervical cancer cases and deaths) with similar cost-effectiveness (cost per DALY averted < 0.28 times the national GDP per capita, with CECOLIN® as the comparator). We estimated the annual cost of the vaccination programme at US$ 2.9, 4.1, 4.4 and 19.8 million for CECOLIN®, GARDASIL-4®, CERVARIX® and GARDASIL-9®, respectively. A single dose strategy reduced costs and improved cost-effectiveness by more than half.

Conclusion: HPV vaccination is cost-effective in Burkina Faso from a limited societal perspective. A single dose strategy and/or alternative Gavi-supported HPV vaccines could further improve cost-effectiveness.

Keywords: Burkina Faso; Cost-effectiveness; Economic evaluation; HPV vaccine; Modelling study.

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Conflict of interest statement

Two co-authors, ASi and IO, were actively involved in the introduction of the HPV vaccine in Burkina Faso. However, this did not influence the results of the study. Rather, it facilitated access to data to conduct the study. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Weighted vaccine efficacy of two doses against cervical cancer cases and deaths by source of HPV type distribution data and type of vaccine product, with and without cross-protection
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Costs and benefits of alternative HPV vaccines compared to no vaccine and to each other
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Cost-effectiveness acceptability curve for the vaccine with the most favourable cost-effectiveness (CECOLIN®)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Annual undiscounted vaccine programme cost (US$) of each product compared to no vaccination
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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