Optimizing Immature Testicular Tissue and Cell Transplantation Results: Comparing Transplantation Sites and Scaffolds

Abstract

For patients who had testicular tissue cryopreserved before receiving gonadotoxic therapies, transplantation of testicular tissues and cells has been recommended as a potential therapeutic option. There are no studies that indicate the generation of sperm after human immature testicular tissue (ITT) or spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) transplantation. The use of releasing scaffolds and localized drug delivery systems as well as the optimizing transplantation site can play an effective role in increasing the efficiency and improving the quality of testicular tissue and cell transplantation in animal models. Current research is focused on optimizing ITT and cell transplantation, the use of releasing scaffolds, and the selection of the right transplantation site that might restore sperm production or male infertility treatment. By searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, original and review papers were collected. Search terms were relevant for SSCs and tissue transplantation. In this review, we'll focus on the potential advantages of using scaffolds and choosing the right transplantation site to improve transplantation outcomes.

Keywords: Injection; Scaffold; Spermatogonial Stem Cells; Transplantation.

Fig.1

PRISMA 2020 Flow diagram of the study selection for narrative review

Fig.2

Schematic representation of testicular tissue and cell transplantation. A. In the past, spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) were isolated and cultured before being injected into testicular azoospermia. B. With the development of tissue engineering and the establishment of releasing and non-releasing scaffolds, testicular tissue fragments or cells with the scaffold were transplanted into the recipient.