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. 2023 Nov 8;9(12):e21628.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21628. eCollection 2023 Dec.

The role of the biochemical composition of soybean seeds in the tolerance to deterioration under natural and artificial aging

Martha Freire da Silva  1   2 , Júlia Martins Soares  2 , Wanderson Andrade Xavier  2 , Francisco Charles Dos Santos Silva  3 , Felipe Lopes da Silva  2 , Laércio Junio da Silva  2
Affiliations

The role of the biochemical composition of soybean seeds in the tolerance to deterioration under natural and artificial aging

Martha Freire da Silva et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

The fast decline in the physiological quality of seeds during storage is a serious problem. It is known that the reduction of seed quality may be related to its biochemical constitution. However, the relationship between the composition and the mechanisms linked to the loss of vigor of soybean seeds during aging has not been elucidated yet. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the role of the biochemical composition of soybean seeds in the physiological quality and in the tolerance to deterioration due to natural and artificial aging. Seeds of six soybean genotypes were analyzed initially and after being submitted to natural aging, storage for eight months, and artificial aging, using the temperature of 41 °C and 100 % relative humidity for 96 h. Moisture content, germination and vigor tests were carried out. Also, there were measured the content of oil, total protein, soluble protein, malonaldehyde, and fatty acids palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. It was verified that the physiological quality of soybean seeds decreased with both kinds of aging. However, the deterioration process occurs by distinct mechanisms. The biochemical composition of the seeds is associated with the physiological quality and their storage potential is changed by natural and artificial aging. The tolerance of the seed to deterioration is related to soluble protein and fatty acids content. Oleic fatty acid and soluble protein can be used as indicators of physiological quality in soybean seeds.

Keywords: Glycine max (L.) storage; Longevity; Seed physiological quality; Vigor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Germination (G), accelerated aging (AA), seedling dry mass (SDM), vigor index (VI), emergence speed index (ESI) and electrical conductivity (EC), in freshly harvested soybean seeds (initial) and submitted to natural aging, storage for eight months (8 months), and artificial aging for 96 h (96 h AA). GEN1, GEN2, GEN3, GEN4, GEN5 and GEN6 were the genotypes used in this research. % = percentage; mg sl−1 = milligrams per seedling; mS cm−1 g−1 = milliSiemens per centimeter per gram of seed. *** Means followed by the same capital letter, comparing the initial period and the different, kinds of aging, and lowercase, comparing the genotypes in each environment, do not differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5 % probability.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Biplot of the principal component analysis (A) and contribution of the physiological variables to the PCA (B) of freshly harvested soybean seeds (purple) and submitted to natural aging (green) and artificial aging (orange). VI = vigor index; SDM = seedling dry mass; G = germination; EC = electrical conductivity; ESI = emergence speed index; AA = accelerated aging. GEN1, GEN2, GEN3, GEN4, GEN5 and GEN6 refer to the genotypes used; initial means freshly harvest seeds; 8_months refers to natural aging and AA_96_hours to artificial aging.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Contents of total protein (Total_Prot), soluble Protein (Soluble_Prot), oil and malonaldehyde (MDA), in freshly harvested soybean seeds (initial) and submitted to natural aging, storage for eight months (8 months), and artificial aging, aged for 96 h (96 h AA). GEN1, GEN2, GEN3, GEN4, GEN5 and GEN6 were the genotypes used in this research. % = percentage; mg g-1 = milligrams per gram; nmol g−1 = nanomole per gram. *** Means followed by the same capital letter, comparing the initial period and the different kinds of aging, and lowercase, comparing the genotypes in each environment, do not differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5 % probability. For the analysis of oil content there was no significant effect of the interaction between types of aging and genotypes, so the effects were analyzed independently.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Contents of fatty acids stearic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic in freshly harvested seeds of soybean cultivars and submitted to artificial and natural aging. GEN1, GEN2, GEN3, GEN4, GEN5 and GEN6 were the genotypes used in this research. *** There was no statistical difference among the seeds in the initial period, after storage (8 months) and after artificial aging (96 h of AA) for any of the cultivars. Means followed by the same letters do not differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5 % probability.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Principal component analysis (A) and analyses of variable contribution (B) to verify the relationship between the physiological and biochemical variables and seed performance of freshly harvested soybean seeds (purple) and submitted to natural aging (green) and artificial aging (orange). GEN1, GEN2, GEN3, GEN4, GEN5 and GEN6 refer to the genotypes used; initial means freshly harvest seeds; 8_months refers to natural aging and AA_96_hours to artificial aging.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Correlation between the physiological variables (germination (G), accelerated aging (AA), seedling dry mass (SDM), vigor index (VI), emergence speed index (ESI) and electrical conductivity (EC)) and the biochemical composition (content of oil, total protein (Total_Prot), soluble Protein (Soluble_Prot), malonaldehyde (MDA) and fatty acids stearic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic) of soybean seeds: freshly harvested and naturally and artificially aged (A); freshly harvested seeds (B); seeds naturally aged (storage) (C); seeds submitted to artificial aging (D).
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