Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Dec;16(4):292-300.
doi: 10.1177/19433875221135932. Epub 2022 Nov 10.

Retrospective Study of Orbital and Orbitozygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures Treated at Aalesund Hospital Between 2002 and 2017

Ingvild Årøen Lein  1 , Tore Bjørnland  1 , Lado Lako Loro  2
Affiliations

Retrospective Study of Orbital and Orbitozygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures Treated at Aalesund Hospital Between 2002 and 2017

Ingvild Årøen Lein et al. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2023 Dec.

Abstract

Study design: Retrospective study.

Objective: To evaluate patient demographics, surgical management, and complications of orbital and orbitozygomaticomaxillary complex (OZMC) fractures treated at a district hospital in Norway.

Methods: The medical records of patients with orbital fractures treated at Aalesund hospital between January 2002 and July 2017 were reviewed. Data on demographics, signs and symptoms, cause of injury, fracture type, associated fractures, surgical management, and complications were collected.

Results: A total of 36 patients were reviewed. Males predominated (1:4.1), and fractures occurred mostly in patients 40-59 years (mean 41.8 years). Interpersonal violence was the leading cause of injury, followed by falls. Alcohol was significantly associated with assault caused fractures (P = .001). Orbitozygomaticomaxillary fractures were the most frequent, followed by pure orbital fractures. Clinical findings included periorbital ecchymosis (72%), swelling (56%), sensory nerve dysfunction (53%), diplopia (22%), and restricted eye motility (22%). Commotio cerebri was observed in more than half of our sample and 47% had other facial bone fractures. Referral to tertiary hospitals was done in 19% of the cases. The main treatment done was open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) (45%). Infection was diagnosed in 17% and managed with antibiotics.

Conclusions: The incidence of orbital and OZMC fractures in Moere and Romsdal county in western Norway was low, occurring mainly in males over 40 years. The mechanism of injury was predominantly interpersonal violence and falls. A high proportion of the sample had minor traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Keywords: facial fracture epidemiology; orbital fracture; rural trauma; zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Distribution of orbital and orbitozygomaticomaxillary complex fractures (n = 39).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Distribution of fractures by etiology (n = 36).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Kassebaum NJ, Arora M, Barber RM, et al. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990–2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016;388(10053):1603-1658. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Boffano P, Roccia F, Zavattero E, et al. European maxillofacial Trauma (EURMAT) project: A multicentre and prospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015;43(1):62-70. - PubMed
    1. Lee KH, Qiu M. Characteristics of alcohol-related facial fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;75(4):786.e1-786.e7. - PubMed
    1. Allareddy V, Allareddy V, Nalliah RP. Epidemiology of facial fracture injuries. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69(10):2613-2618. - PubMed
    1. Joy D, Probert R, Bisson JI, Shepherd JP. Posttraumatic stress reactions after injury. J Trauma 2000;48(3):490-494. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources