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. 2023 Dec 4;28(1):558.
doi: 10.1186/s40001-023-01401-2.

Severity of oxidative stress as a hallmark in COVID-19 patients

Alireza Bastin  1   2 , Fatemeh Abbasi  3 , Narges Roustaei  4 , Jahangir Abdesheikhi  5 , Hossein Karami  1 , Mohammad Gholamnezhad  6 , Mahdieh Eftekhari  7   8 , Amirhossein Doustimotlagh  9   10
Affiliations

Severity of oxidative stress as a hallmark in COVID-19 patients

Alireza Bastin et al. Eur J Med Res. .

Abstract

Introduction: Understanding the mechanisms and identifying effective treatments for the COVID-19 outbreak are imperative. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the antioxidant status and oxidative stress parameters as potential pivotal mechanisms in asymptomatic, non-severe, and severe COVID-19 patients.

Methods: This study is a case-control study that was performed on patients referred to the Persian Gulf Martyrs Hospital of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran, from May 2021 to September 2021. A total of 600 COVID-19 patients (non-severe and severe group) and 150 healthy volunteers of the same age and sex were selected during the same period. On the first day of hospitalization, 10 ml of venous blood was taken from subjects. Then, hematological, biochemical, serological, antioxidant and oxidative stress parameters were determined.

Results: Our results indicated that ESR, CRP, AST, ALT, and LDH significantly augmented in the severe group as compared to the non-severe and normal groups (P ≤ 0.05). It was observed that the levels of FRAP, G6PD activity, and SOD activity significantly reduced in the non-severe patients in comparison with the severe and normal groups (P ≤ 0.05). We found that MDA content and NO metabolite markedly increased in severe patients as compared to the non-severe group.

Conclusions: Taken together, it seems that the balance between antioxidants and oxidants was disturbed in COVID-19 patients in favor of oxidant markers. In addition, this situation caused more aggravation in severe patients as compared to the non-severe group.

Keywords: Antioxidant; COVID-19; G6PD; MDA; Oxidative stress; SOD.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic flow diagram of the study
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Levels of biochemical and hematological parameters between groups. A Lymphocyte count; B ESR; C CRP; D AST; E ALT; and F LDH. *p < 0.01, in comparison with normal group. #p < 0.01, in comparison with non-severe group
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Levels of saturation of oxigen between groups. *p < 0.05, in comparison with normal group. #p < 0.05, in comparison with non-severe group
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Levels of oxidative stress parameters between groups A G6PD; B FRAP; C NO metabolite; D MDA; and E SOD. *p < 0.0001, in comparison with normal group. #p < 0.0001, in comparison with non-severe group
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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