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. 2023 Dec 5;94(6):e2023260.
doi: 10.23750/abm.v94i6.14567.

The impact of pediatric congenital heart disease on primary teeth structure: a histological study

Huda Raad  1 , Omed Shihab  2
Affiliations

The impact of pediatric congenital heart disease on primary teeth structure: a histological study

Huda Raad et al. Acta Biomed. .

Abstract

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is an abnormality in the structure or function of the cardio-circulatory system present at birth and the ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common CHD in children. This study aimed to determine any differences in the histological structure of primary teeth between both healthy children and those children with ventricular septal defects in Erbil City. Methods enrolled children were divided into two groups. Group I (control) & group II (CHD) aged between 6-10 years old. A total of 44 children were collected, (22 children) in each group. Enamel, dentin, and odontoblast layers were examined histologically. Unpaired t-test used for statistical analysis. Results: The histopathological sections showed a significant difference in enamel, dentin, and odontoblast layer thickness (255.8 ± 41.68- 406.4 ±46.39), (1156 ± 116.0 - 1320 ± 117.4) and (29.74 ± 7.66 -41.38 ± 12.06) respectively, with p values (P < 0.0001) for enamel and dentin layer, and P < 0.0004 for odontoblast layer. A study of the images in the CHD group showed that the tooth tissue lost its integrity and cohesion in some places, and the thickness of the enamel and dentin layer in this group was significantly reduced compared to group I. Tissue loss in enamel, pulp, and dentin cell were observed. Also, connective tissue layers in the pulp were disrupted. Conclusions: CHD can alter the natural structure formation of primary teeth. Histologically, enamel, dentin, and odontoblasts layer thickness reduction are found in primary teeth in children with ventricular septal defects.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares that she has no commercial associations that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
A) tissue processor (Leica TP 1020, Germany). B) Tissue Embedding Console System (Didsabz, DS4LM).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The coronal-sectional images showed human tooth tissue in the control group (I) stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
The coronal-sectional images showed human tooth tissue in the congenital heart disease group stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. The mean values of enamel thickness in groups I and II were (255.8 µm±41.06), (406.4 µm±46.39), and there were significant differences between both groups (P < 0.0001), as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Box plot of e enamel layer thickness in both groups (N=44)
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Box plot showing dentin layer thickness in both groups (N=44)
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Box plot showing odontoblast layer thickness between groups (N=44)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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