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. 2021 Aug 24;19(6):1850-1858.
doi: 10.5114/aoms/141173. eCollection 2023.

Introducing a novel chemotherapeutic drug formulated with anthraflavic acid for treating human breast carcinoma and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Gang Zhao  1 , Arunachalam Chinnathambi  2 , Tahani Awad Alahmadi  3 , Milton Wainwright  4
Affiliations

Introducing a novel chemotherapeutic drug formulated with anthraflavic acid for treating human breast carcinoma and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Gang Zhao et al. Arch Med Sci. .

Abstract

Introduction: Molecular docking as a versatile theoretical method was used to investigate the biological activities of anthraflavic acid in the presence of α-amylase. The outcomes revealed that anthraflavic acid has a considerable binding affinity to the enzyme with a docking score of -7.913 kcal/mol. These outcomes were further evaluated with free binding energy calculations, and it was concluded that anthraflavic acid could be a potential inhibitor for α-amylase.

Material and methods: Anthraflavic acid was explored in anti-human breast carcinoma tests. The in vitro cytotoxic and anti-breast carcinoma effects of biologically synthesized anthraflavic acid against MCF-7, CAMA-1, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, AU565 [AU-565], and Hs 281.T cancer cell lines were assessed. In the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the anti-breast carcinoma properties of anthraflavic acid could significantly kill the MCF-7, CAMA-1, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, AU565 [AU-565], and Hs 281.T cancer cell lines in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Also, we used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to determine the cytotoxicity potentials of anthraflavic acid using MTT assay.

Results: The IC50 values of anthraflavic acid were 159, 193, 253, 156, 241, and 218 μg/ml against MCF-7, CAMA-1, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, AU565 [AU-565], and Hs 281.T cancer cell lines.

Conclusions: It seems the anti-human breast carcinoma effect of recent nanoparticles is due to their antioxidant effects.

Keywords: anthraflavic acid; cytotoxic; human breast carcinoma; molecular docking; α-amylase.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Anti-human breast adenocarcinoma properties (cell viability (%)) of anthraflavic acid (concentrations of 0-1000 μg/ml) against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7 (A), CAMA-1 (B), SK-BR-3 (C), and MDA-MB-231 (D)) cell lines. Numbers indicate the percentage cell viability at concentrations of 0–1000 μg/ml of anthraflavic acid for several human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines
Figure 2
Figure 2
Anti-human breast adenocarcinoma properties (cell viability (%)) of anthraflavic acid (concentrations of 0–1000 μg/ml) against human breast adenocarcinoma (AU565 [AU-565] (A) and Hs 281.T (B)) cell lines. Numbers indicate percentage cell viability at concentrations of 0–1000 μg/ml of anthraflavic acid for several human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines
Figure 3
Figure 3
Docking pose of anthraflavic acid among α-amylase residues
Figure 4
Figure 4
Interactions of anthraflavic acid and α-amylase. Green dashed lines indicate hydrogen bonds, and semicircles show hydrophobic contacts
Figure 5
Figure 5
Docking pose of acarbose among α-amylase residues
Figure 6
Figure 6
Interactions of acarbose and α-amylase. Green dashed lines indicate hydrogen bonds, and semicircles show hydrophobic contacts
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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