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. 2024 Jan;44(1):73-80.
doi: 10.1007/s00296-023-05496-y. Epub 2023 Dec 7.

COVID-19 breakthrough infections in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study by the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) Group

Suhrud Panchawagh  1 , Naveen Ravichandran  2 , Bhupen Barman  3 , Arvind Nune  4 , Mahnoor Javaid  5 , Abraham Edgar Gracia-Ramos  6 , Jessica Day  7   8   9 , Mrudula Joshi  10 , Masataka Kuwana  11 , Sreoshy Saha  12 , Arunkumar R Pande  13 , Carlo Vinicio Caballero-Uribe  14 , Tsvetelina Velikova  15 , Ioannis Parodis  16   17 , Johannes Knitza  18 , Esha Kadam  19 , Ai Lyn Tan  20   21 , Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo  22 , Hiya Boro  23 ; COVAD Study Group; Rohit Aggarwal  24 , Vikas Agarwal  2 , Tulika Chatterjee  25 , Latika Gupta  26   27   28
Collaborators, Affiliations

COVID-19 breakthrough infections in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study by the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) Group

Suhrud Panchawagh et al. Rheumatol Int. 2024 Jan.

Abstract

To investigate the frequency, profile, and severity of COVID-19 breakthrough infections (BI) in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared to healthy controls (HC) after vaccination. The second COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD-2) survey is a multinational cross-sectional electronic survey which has collected data on patients suffering from various autoimmune diseases including T1DM. We performed a subgroup analysis on this cohort to investigate COVID-19 BI characteristics in patients with T1DM. Logistic regression with propensity score matching analysis was performed. A total of 9595 individuals were included in the analysis, with 100 patients having T1DM. Among the fully vaccinated cohort, 16 (16%) T1DM patients had one BI and 2 (2%) had two BIs. No morbidities or deaths were reported, except for one patient who required hospitalization with oxygen without admission to intensive care. The frequency, clinical features, and severity of BIs were not significantly different between T1DM patients and HCs after adjustment for confounding factors. Our study did not show any statistically significant differences in the frequency, symptoms, duration, or critical care requirements between T1DM and HCs after COVID-19 vaccination. Further research is needed to identify factors associated with inadequate vaccine response in patients with BIs, especially in patients with autoimmune diseases.

Keywords: Breakthrough infections; COVID-19; Survey; Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

ALT has received honoraria for advisory boards and speaking for Abbvie, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. IP has received research funding and/or honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Elli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novartis and F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG. MK has received speaker honoraria/participated in advisory boards for Abbvie, Asahi-Kasei, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Chugai, Corbus, Eisai, GSK, Horizon, Kissei, BML, Mochida, Nippon Shinyaku, Ono Pharmaceuticals, Tanabe-Mitsubishi. RA has a consultancy relationship with and/or has received research funding from the following companies: Bristol Myers-Squibb, Pfizer, Genentech, Octapharma, CSL Behring, Mallinckrodt, AstraZeneca, Corbus, Kezar, Abbvie, Janssen, Kyverna Alexion, Argenx, Q32, EMD-Serono, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roivant, Merck, Galapagos, Actigraph, Scipher, Horizon Therepeutics, Teva, Beigene, ANI Pharmaceuticals, Biogen, Nuvig, Capella Bioscience, and CabalettaBio. TV has received speaker honoraria from Pfizer and AstraZeneca, non-related to the current manuscript. Rest of the authors have no conflict of interest relevant to this manuscript.

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