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Review
. 2024 Mar;31(3):1509-1518.
doi: 10.1245/s10434-023-14712-9. Epub 2023 Dec 7.

Management of Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Review

Caitlin Sok  1 , Pranay S Ajay  1 , Vasileios Tsagkalidis  2 , David A Kooby  1 , Mihir M Shah  3
Affiliations
Review

Management of Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Review

Caitlin Sok et al. Ann Surg Oncol. 2024 Mar.

Abstract

Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (G-NET) are rare tumors arising from enterochromaffin-like cells of the gastric mucosa. They belong to a larger group called gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and are classified as low, intermediate, or high-grade tumors based on their proliferative indices. They are further categorized into three subtypes based on their morphologic characteristics, pathogenesis, and behavior. Types 1 and 2 tumors are characterized by elevated serum gastrin and are usually multifocal. They typically occur in the setting of atrophic gastritis or MEN1/Zollinger Ellison syndrome, respectively. Type 2 tumors are associated with the most symptoms, such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. Type 3 tumors are associated with normal serum gastrin, are usually solitary, and occur sporadically. This type has the most aggressive phenotype and metastatic potential. Treatment and prognosis for G-NET is dependent on their type, size, and stage. Type 1 has the best prognosis, and Type 3 has the worst. This review discusses the presentation, workup, and surgical management of these tumors.

Keywords: GNET; Gastric neuroendocrine; Gastrinoma; High-grade; NET; Neuroendocrine carcinoma.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Endoscopy View of Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors A. White arrows reveal few of the multiple tumors seen in Type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors. B. Focused and magnified view of Type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors. C. Focused and magnified view of a Type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumor.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Endoscopy View of Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors A. White arrows reveal few of the multiple tumors seen in Type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors. B. Focused and magnified view of Type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors. C. Focused and magnified view of a Type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumor.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Endoscopy View of Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors A. White arrows reveal few of the multiple tumors seen in Type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors. B. Focused and magnified view of Type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors. C. Focused and magnified view of a Type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

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