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. 2024 Mar 1;43(3):257-262.
doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004176. Epub 2023 Dec 6.

Renal Function Impairment in Children With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Cross-sectional Study

María Ríos-Barnés  1 , Eneritz Velasco-Arnaiz  1 , Clàudia Fortuny  1   2   3   4 , Marta Benavides  5 , Fernando Baquero-Artigao  5   6   7 , Oihana Muga  8 , Rut Del Valle  9 , Marie Antoinette Frick  10 , Xavier Bringué  11 , Susana Herrero  12 , Javier Vilas  13 , Almudena Alonso-Ojembarrena  14 , Laura Castells-Vilella  15 , Pablo Rojo  16 , Daniel Blázquez-Gamero  16 , Cristina Esteva  2   17 , Emilia Sánchez  18 , Ana Alarcón  3   19 , Antoni Noguera-Julian  1   2   3   4 ; Spanish Registry of Infants with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Affiliations

Renal Function Impairment in Children With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Cross-sectional Study

María Ríos-Barnés et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J. .

Abstract

Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of glomerular and tubular renal dysfunction by means of urinalysis in infants and toddlers with congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) and their association with cCMV disease, viruria and antiviral treatment.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was done using the Spanish Registry of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. First-morning urine samples were collected from January 2016 to December 2018 from patients <5 years old enrolled in Spanish Registry of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. Samples were excluded in case of fever or other signs or symptoms consistent with acute infection, bacteriuria or bacterial growth in urine culture. Urinary protein/creatinine and albumin/creatinine ratios, urinary beta-2-microglobulin levels, hematuria and CMV viruria were determined. A 0.4 cutoff in the urinary albumin/protein ratio was used to define tubular (<0.4) or glomerular (>0.4) proteinuria. Signs and symptoms of cCMV at birth, the use of antivirals and cCMV-associated sequelae at last available follow-up were obtained from Spanish Registry of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

Results: Seventy-seven patients (37 females, 48.1%; median [interquartile range] age: 14.0 [4.4-36.2] months) were included. Symptom-free elevated urinary protein/creatinine and albumin/creatinine ratios were observed in 37.5% and 41.9% of patients, respectively, with tubular proteinuria prevailing (88.3%) over glomerular proteinuria (11.6%). Proteinuria in the nephrotic range was not observed in any patients. In multivariate analysis, female gender was the only risk factor for tubular proteinuria (adjusted odds ratio = 3.339, 95% confidence interval: 1.086-10.268; P = 0.035). cCMV disease at birth, long-term sequelae, viruria or the use of antivirals were not associated with urinalysis findings.

Conclusions: Mild nonsymptomatic tubular proteinuria affects approximately 40% of infants and toddlers with mostly symptomatic cCMV in the first 5 years of life.

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Conflict of interest statement

This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the projects PI19/00095, PI19/01333, PI22/01540, and grant INT20/00086 (cofunded by European Regional Development Fund. ERDF, a way to build Europe). M.R.-B. was supported by a predoctoral contract for training in health research (PFIS) by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ref. FI20/00237. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

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