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Review
. 2023 Nov 22;15(23):5535.
doi: 10.3390/cancers15235535.

Clinical Tools for Rectal Cancer Response Assessment following Neoadjuvant Treatment in the Era of Organ Preservation

Amalia J Stefanou  1 , Sophie Dessureault  1 , Julian Sanchez  1 , Seth Felder  1
Affiliations
Review

Clinical Tools for Rectal Cancer Response Assessment following Neoadjuvant Treatment in the Era of Organ Preservation

Amalia J Stefanou et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Local tumor response evaluation following neoadjuvant treatment(s) in rectal adenocarcinoma requires a multi-modality approach including physical and endoscopic evaluations, rectal protocoled MRI, and cross-sectional imaging. Clinical tumor response exists on a spectrum from complete clinical response (cCR), defined as the absence of clinical evidence of residual tumor, to near-complete response (nCR), which assumes a significant reduction in tumor burden but with increased uncertainty of residual microscopic disease, to incomplete clinical response (iCR), which incorporates all responses less than nCR that is not progressive disease. This article aims to review the clinical tools currently routinely available to evaluate treatment response and offers a potential management approach based on the extent of local tumor response.

Keywords: non-operative management; organ preservation; rectal cancer; wait and see; watch and wait.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Decision algorithm when evaluating local tumor response extent following neoadjuvant treatment(s).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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