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. 2023 Nov 30;23(23):9514.
doi: 10.3390/s23239514.

InAsSb Photodiode Fibre Optic Thermometry for High-Speed, near-Ambient Temperature Measurements

Emilios Leonidas  1   2 , Matthew J Hobbs  2 , Sabino Ayvar-Soberanis  3 , Hatim Laalej  3 , Callum Fisk  2 , Stephen Fitzpatrick  4 , Jon R Willmott  2
Affiliations

InAsSb Photodiode Fibre Optic Thermometry for High-Speed, near-Ambient Temperature Measurements

Emilios Leonidas et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Infrared radiation thermometers (IRTs) overcome many of the limitations of thermocouples, particularly responsiveness and calibration drift. The main challenge with radiation thermometry is the fast and reliable measurement of temperatures close to room temperature. A new IRT which is sensitive to wavelengths between 3 μm and 11 μm was developed and tested in a laboratory setting. It is based on an uncooled indium arsenide antimony (InAsSb) photodiode, a transimpedance amplifier, and a silver halogenide fibre optic cable transmissive in the mid- to long-wave infrared region. The prototype IRT was capable of measuring temperatures between 35 °C and 100 °C at an integration time of 5 ms and a temperature range between 40 °C and 100 °C at an integration time of 1 ms, with a root mean square (RMS) noise level of less than 0.5 °C. The thermometer was calibrated against Planck's law using a five-point calibration, leading to a measurement uncertainty within ±1.5 °C over the aforementioned temperature range. The thermometer was tested against a thermocouple during drilling operations of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) plastic to measure the temperature of the drill bit during the material removal process. Future versions of the thermometer are intended to be used as a thermocouple replacement in high-speed, near-ambient temperature measurement applications, such as electric motor condition monitoring; battery protection; and machining of polymers and composite materials, such as carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP).

Keywords: InAsSb; infrared radiation thermometer; measurement; monitoring; photodiode; pyrometer; radiation thermometry; temperature.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
InAsSb photodiode transimpedance amplifier schematic.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Configuration of the experimental apparatus used for the IRT characterisation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Response time measurement apparatus configuration.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Infrared radiation thermometry calibration steps (a–d) (based on Hobbs et al. [31]).
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Aluminium disc with blind holes and dimensions; (b) schematic of the embedded thermocouples inside the blind holes.
Figure 6
Figure 6
RMS noise as a function of target temperature for integration times of 400 μs, 1 ms, 5 ms, and 10 ms for the IRT and 10 ms for the thermocouple.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Rise time assessment of the IRT with an optical chopper at a frequency of 500 Hz at a target temperature of 80 °C.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) Output voltage as a function of target temperature; (b) characteristic inverse absolute temperature against the natural logarithm of the output voltage.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) Calculated and measured output voltages against temperature (calibration); (b) instrument error after calibration compared to the thermocouple tolerance bounds for Class 1 and Class 2 tolerances.
Figure 10
Figure 10
IRT temperature against time for acquisition times of 400 μs, 1 ms, 5 ms, and 10 ms for a target temperature.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Arrangement of the IRT and thermocouple inside the PEEK workpiece during drilling operations on a manual milling machine.
Figure 12
Figure 12
IRT and thermocouple temperature measurements during drilling operations.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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