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. 2023 Dec 6;17(6):064104.
doi: 10.1063/5.0158977. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Effect of the shear rate and residence time on the lysis of AC16 human cardiomyocyte cells via surface acoustic waves

G Almanza  1 , R M Trujillo  1 , D Sanchez-Saldaña  1 , Ø Rosand  2 , M Høydal  2 , M Fernandino  1 , C A Dorao  1
Affiliations

Effect of the shear rate and residence time on the lysis of AC16 human cardiomyocyte cells via surface acoustic waves

G Almanza et al. Biomicrofluidics. .

Abstract

The efficient breakage of one cell or a concentration of cells for releasing intracellular material such as DNA, without damaging it, is the first step for several diagnostics or treatment processes. As the cell membrane is easy to bend but resistant to stretching, the exposure of the cell to a shear rate during a short period of time can be sufficient to damage the membrane and facilitate the extraction of DNA. However, how to induce high shear stresses on cells in small microliter volumes samples has remained an elusive problem. Surface acoustic waves operating at high frequencies can induce acoustic streaming leading to shear rates sufficient to cell lysis. Lysis induced by acoustic streaming in sessile droplets has been investigated in the past from the lysis efficiency point of view. However, the effects of the velocity field and shear rate induced by acoustic streaming on the lysis process remain unexplored. Here, we study the lysis of AC16 human cardiomyocytes in microliter droplets under the effect of the shear rate induced by acoustic streaming. It is identified that for a given shear rate, the extracted DNA is also affected by the actuation period which can be attributed to a cycling process that leads to an accumulation of damage on the cell membrane.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts to disclose.

Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Shear stress threshold of different cell lines: RBCa, RBCb, RBCc, Helaa, Helab, Endothelial, and MCF-7.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
(a) Schematic of the acoustofluidic lysis device and the main design parameters. (b) Schematic of the mechanism of the acoustofluidic lysis device showing the characteristics and parameters of the induce flow streaming. (c) Bright field images of the droplet containing the AC16 cells and the relative size of the IDT. (d) Bright field images of the AC16 cells before, during, and after the applied SAW.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
(a) Velocity and (b) shear share induced by the acoustic streaming. (c) Extracted DNA in terms of the applied power. The value control corresponds to the DNA measure in the sample before a lysis step, and the chemical lysis corresponds to the value of extracted DNA using chemical lysis. (d) Region of the microparticle image velocimetry study under acoustic streaming. (e) and (f) The results of the micro-PIV study.
FIG. 4.
FIG. 4.
(a) Effect of the shear rate on the lysate. (b) Effect of actuation period on the lysate. (c) Effect of the combined shear rate level and actuation period on the lysis.
FIG. 5.
FIG. 5.
Effect of the droplet size on the lysate.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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