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. 2023 Nov 30;9(12):e23006.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23006. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Genetic diversity and phylogeny of Anopheles nuneztovari C and Anopheles albimanus, vectors of malaria in the department of Córdoba, Colombia

Atencia-Pineda María Claudia  1   2 , Calderon-Rangel Alfonso  2 , Hoyos-López Richard  3
Affiliations

Genetic diversity and phylogeny of Anopheles nuneztovari C and Anopheles albimanus, vectors of malaria in the department of Córdoba, Colombia

Atencia-Pineda María Claudia et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

In the department of Córdoba, 21 widely distributed Anopheles species have been described, of which Anopheles triannulatus, Anopheles nuneztovari, Anopheles albimanus, and Anopheles darlingi are the most abundant species, and the last three play a vectorial role in Malaria transmission in Colombia. A correct taxonomic identification of malaria insect vectors is of vital importance for the development of effective vector control strategies. However, the identification of individuals from the Anopheles genus presents difficulties due to the loss of relevant morphological characters during the transport and preservation of the collected specimens. In addition to the interspecific variations, and the intraspecific similarities of the species belonging to the subgenus Nyssorhynchus, since itpresents species complexes and cryptic species that difficults identification based only in morphological characteristics. The objective of this study was to characterize the barcode fragment of the COI gene and its genetic diversity for the identification of An. (Nys) nuneztovari and An. (Nys) albimanus in areas of high malaria transmission from the department of Córdoba. 67 individuals belonging to the species An. nuneztovari cytotype C and 22 An. albimanus were identified, and additionally, 9 haplotypes were obtained for An. nuneztovari C and 14 for An. albimanus distributed in the study areas. The values obtained in the FST and Nm estimators indicate a low or null genetic differentiation and a high gene flow between most of the studied populations because they share the most frequent haplotypes of these two species. The maximum likelihood trees for these species showed that the specimens from Córdoba belong to the same mitochondrial lineage as those previously reported from Antioquia, Choco, and Norte de Santander.

Keywords: Anopheles; Barcode; Colombia; Córdoba; Haplotypes; mtDNA.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Richard Hoyos Lopez reports financial support was provided by Government of Córdoba-SGR. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Distribution of pairwise differences with Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I sequences for (A) An. nuneztovari C and (B) An. albimanus. The solid line represents the expected value, and the dotted line is the observed value.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Frequency of the haplotypes of (A) An. nuneztovari C and (B) An. albimanus in Córdoba.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Haplotype networks inferred with the sequences of the barcode fragment of the COI gene. (A) An. nuneztovari C from Córdoba, (B) An. albimanus from Córdoba, (C) An. nuneztovari C Colombia and (D) An. albimanus Colombia. The An. nuneztovari C haplotypes from the Córdoba populations changed their names when constructing the networks with the sequences available for Colombia, except H1.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Maximum likelihood tree generated based on DNA Barcode with data available on GenBank and samples collected. The numbers in the branches indicate the bootstrap value. Anopheles oswaldoi B was included as the outgroup. (A) An. Anopheles nuneztovari C. (B) Anopheles albimanus. In red and green sequences of the haplotypes found in Córdoba, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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